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Series 15i/150i-MB Operators manual Page 21

Operators manual
B-63784EN/01 TABLE OF CONTENTS
c-7
17.4 MACRO STATEMENTS AND NC STATEMENTS.....................................668
17.5 BRANCH AND REPETITION.....................................................................669
17.5.1 Unconditional Branch (GOTO Statement).......................................................... 669
17.5.2 Conditional Branch (IF Statement)...................................................................... 670
17.5.3 Repetition (While Statement).............................................................................. 672
17.6 MACRO CALL............................................................................................675
17.6.1 Simple Call (G65)................................................................................................ 676
17.6.2 Modal Call : Move Command Call (G66)........................................................... 682
17.6.3 Modal Call : Per-Block Call (G66.1)................................................................... 685
17.6.4 Macro Call Using G Code ................................................................................... 686
17.6.5 Macro Calls with G Codes (Specification of Multiple G Codes) ....................... 688
17.6.6 Macro Calls with G Codes with the Decimal Point
(Specification of Multiple G Codes) ................................................................... 689
17.6.7 Macro Call Using an M Code.............................................................................. 690
17.6.8 Macro Calls with M Codes with the Decimal Point
(Specification of Multiple G Codes) ................................................................... 691
17.6.9 Subprogram Call Using an M Code..................................................................... 692
17.6.10 Subprogram Call Using an M Code (Specification of Multiple G Codes).......... 693
17.6.11 Subprogram Calls Using a T Code ...................................................................... 694
17.6.12 Subprogram Calls Using a S Code ...................................................................... 695
17.6.13 Subprogram Calls Using a 2nd Auxiliary Function Code................................... 696
17.6.14 Sample Program................................................................................................... 697
17.7 PROCESSING MACRO STATEMENTS....................................................699
17.8 REGISTERING CUSTOM MACRO PROGRAMS .....................................701
17.9 CODES AND RESERVED WORDS USED IN CUSTOM MACROS .........702
17.10 WRITE-PROTECTING COMMON VARIABLES........................................704
17.11 DISPLAYING A MACRO ALARM AND MACRO MESSAGE
IN JAPANESE............................................................................................705
17.12 EXTERNAL OUTPUT COMMANDS ..........................................................706
17.13 LIMITATIONS ............................................................................................711
17.14 INTERRUPTION TYPE CUSTOM MACRO...............................................713
17.14.1 Specification Method........................................................................................... 714
17.14.2 Details of Functions............................................................................................. 715
18 HIGH-SPEED CUTTING FUNCTICNS ...............................................725
18.1 MULTIBUFFER (G05.1).............................................................................726
18.2 DECELERATION BASED ON ACCELERATION DURING CIRCULAR
INTERPOLATION ......................................................................................730
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Contents Summary of Series 15i/150i-MB Operators manual

  • Page 1OPERRATOR’S MANUAL (PROGRAMMING) B-63784EN/01
  • Page 2• No part of this manual may be reproduced in any form. • All specifications and designs are subject to change without notice. The export of this product is subject to the authorization of the government of the country from where the product is exported. In this manual we have tried as much as possi
  • Page 3B-63784EN/01 SAFETY PRECAUTIONS SAFETY PRECAUTIONS This section describes the safety precautions related to the use of CNC units. It is essential that these precautions be observed by users to ensure the safe operation of machines equipped with a CNC unit (all descriptions in this section assume thi
  • Page 4SAFETY PRECAUTIONS B-63784EN/01 DEFINITION OF WARNING, CAUTION, AND NOTE This manual includes safety precautions for protecting the user and preventing damage to the machine. Precautions are classified into Warning and Caution according to their bearing on safety. Also, supplementary information is
  • Page 5B-63784EN/01 SAFETY PRECAUTIONS GENERAL WARNINGS AND CAUTIONS WARNING 1. Never attempt to machine a workpiece without first checking the operation of the machine. Before starting a production run, ensure that the machine is operating correctly by performing a trial run using, for example, the single
  • Page 6SAFETY PRECAUTIONS B-63784EN/01 WARNING 8. Some functions may have been implemented at the request of the machine-tool builder. When using such functions, refer to the manual supplied by the machine-tool builder for details of their use and any related cautions. NOTE Programs, parameters, and macro
  • Page 7B-63784EN/01 SAFETY PRECAUTIONS WARNINGS AND CAUTIONS RELATED TO PROGRAMMING This section covers the major safety precautions related to programming. Before attempting to perform programming, read the supplied operator's manual and programming manual carefully such that you are fully familiar with t
  • Page 8SAFETY PRECAUTIONS B-63784EN/01 WARNING 6.Stroke check After switching on the power, perform a manual reference position return as required. Stroke check is not possible before manual reference position return is performed. Note that when stroke check is disabled, an alarm is not issued even if a st
  • Page 9B-63784EN/01 SAFETY PRECAUTIONS WARNINGS AND CAUTIONS RELATED TO HANDLING This section presents safety precautions related to the handling of machine tools. Before attempting to operate your machine, read the supplied operator's manual and programming manual carefully, such that you are fully famili
  • Page 10SAFETY PRECAUTIONS B-63784EN/01 WARNING 6.Origin/preset operation Basically, never attempt an origin/preset operation when the machine is operating under the control of a program. Otherwise, the machine may behave unexpectedly, possibly damaging the tool, the machine itself, the tool, or causing inj
  • Page 11B-63784EN/01 SAFETY PRECAUTIONS WARNING 12.Cutter and tool nose radius compensation in MDI mode Pay careful attention to a tool path specified by a command in MDI mode, because cutter or tool nose radius compensation is not applied. When a command is entered from the MDI to interrupt in automatic op
  • Page 12SAFETY PRECAUTIONS B-63784EN/01 WARNINGS RELATED TO DAILY MAINTENANCE WARNING 1.Memory backup battery replacement When replacing the memory backup batteries, keep the power to the machine (CNC) turned on, and apply an emergency stop to the machine. Because this work is performed with the power on an
  • Page 13B-63784EN/01 SAFETY PRECAUTIONS WARNING 2.Absolute pulse coder battery replacement When replacing the memory backup batteries, keep the power to the machine (CNC) turned on, and apply an emergency stop to the machine. Because this work is performed with the power on and the cabinet open, only those
  • Page 14SAFETY PRECAUTIONS B-63784EN/01 WARNING 3.Fuse replacement For some units, the chapter covering daily maintenance in the operator's manual or programming manual describes the fuse replacement procedure. Before replacing a blown fuse, however, it is necessary to locate and remove the cause of the blo
  • Page 15B-63784EN/01 TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS SAFETY PRECAUTIONS .......................................................................... s-1 I. GENERAL 1 GENERAL ..............................................................................................3 1.1 GENERAL FLOW OF OPERATION OF CNC
  • Page 16TABLE OF CONTENTS B-63784EN/01 4 INTERPOLATION FUNCTIONS ...........................................................39 4.1 POSITIONING (G00) ...................................................................................40 4.2 SINGLE DIRECTION POSITIONING (G60) ..................................
  • Page 17B-63784EN/01 TABLE OF CONTENTS 5.6 AUTOMATIC VELOCITY CONTROL ........................................................168 5.6.1 Automatic Velocity Vontrol during Involute Interpolation................................. 168 5.6.2 Automatic Velocity Control during Polar Coordinate Interpolation........
  • Page 18TABLE OF CONTENTS B-63784EN/01 9.3.1 Spindle Positioning.............................................................................................. 233 9.3.2 Orientation........................................................................................................... 234 9.3.3 Canceling
  • Page 19B-63784EN/01 TABLE OF CONTENTS 13.1.13 Canned Cycle Cancel (G80) ................................................................................ 318 13.1.14 Example of Canned Cycle ................................................................................... 319 13.2 RIGID TAPPING ...........
  • Page 20TABLE OF CONTENTS B-63784EN/01 14.7 NUMBER OF TOOL COMPENSATION SETTINGS..................................482 14.8 CHANGING THE TOOL COMPENSATION AMOUNT ..............................483 14.9 SCALING (G50,G51) .................................................................................484 14.10
  • Page 21B-63784EN/01 TABLE OF CONTENTS 17.4 MACRO STATEMENTS AND NC STATEMENTS.....................................668 17.5 BRANCH AND REPETITION.....................................................................669 17.5.1 Unconditional Branch (GOTO Statement) .............................................
  • Page 22TABLE OF CONTENTS B-63784EN/01 18.3 ADVANCED PREVIEW CONTROL(G05.1)...............................................732 18.4 LOOK-AHEAD ACCELERATION/DECELERATION BEFORE INTERPOLATION (G05.1).........................................................................733 18.4.1 Bell-Shaped Acceleration/Dec
  • Page 23B-63784EN/01 TABLE OF CONTENTS D.2 SIMPLE CALCULATION OF INCORRECT THREAD LENGTH ................826 D.3 TOOL PATH AT CORNER ........................................................................828 D.4 RADIUS DIRECTION ERROR AT CIRCLE CUTTING ..............................831 E TABLE OF KANJI AND
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  • Page 25I. GENERA
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  • Page 27B-63784EN/01 GENERAL 1.GENERAL 1 GENERAL Operator’s Manuals consist of the PROGRAMMING Manual and OPERATION Manual. About this Operator’s Manual OPERATOR’S MANUAL (PROGRAMMING) (B-63784EN) I. GENERAL Describes chapter organization, applicable models, related manuals, and notes for reading this manua
  • Page 281.GENERAL GENERAL B-63784EN/01 Special symbols This manual uses the following symbols: P_ : Indicates a combination of axes such as X__ Y__ Z (used in PROGRAMMING.). ; : Indicates the end of a block. It actually corresponds to the ISO code LF or EIA code CR. Related manuals The table below lists man
  • Page 29B-63784EN/01 GENERAL 1.GENERAL 1.1 GENERAL FLOW OF OPERATION OF CNC MACHINE TOOL When machining the part using the CNC machine tool, first prepare the program, then operate the CNC machine by using the program. (1) First, prepare the program from a part drawing to operate the CNC machine tool. How t
  • Page 301.GENERAL GENERAL B-63784EN/01 Tool Side cutting Face cutting Hole machining Prepare the program of the tool path and machining condition according to the workpiece figure, for each machining. -6-
  • Page 31B-63784EN/01 GENERAL 1.GENERAL 1.2 NOTES ON READING THIS MANUAL NOTE 1 The function of an CNC machine tool system depends not only on the CNC, but on the combination of the machine tool, its magnetic cabinet, the servo system, the CNC, the operator's panels, etc. It is too difficult to describe the
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  • Page 33II PROGRAMIN
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  • Page 35B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 1.GENERAL 1 GENERAL - 11 -
  • Page 361.GENERAL PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 1.1 TOOL MOVEMENT ALONG WORKPIECE PARTS FIGURE- INTERPOLATION The tool moves along straight lines and arcs constituting the workpiece parts figure (See II-4). Explanation The function of moving the tool along straight lines and arcs is called the interpolation. -To
  • Page 37B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 1.GENERAL Symbols of the programmed commands G01, G02, ... are called the preparatory function and specify the type of interpolation conducted in the control unit. (a) Movement along straight line (b) Movement along arc G01Y ; G03X Y R ; XY; CNC X axis Tool IInterpolation mo
  • Page 381.GENERAL PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 1.2 FEED-FEED FUNCTION Movement of the tool at a specified speed for cutting a workpiece is called the feed. mm/min Tool F Workpiece Table Fig.1.2 (a) Feed function Feedrates can be specified by using actual numerics. For example, to feed the tool at a rate of 150
  • Page 39B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 1.GENERAL 1.3 PART DRAWING AND TOOL MOVEMENT 1.3.1 Reference Position (Machine-Specific Position) A CNC machine tool is provided with a fixed position. Normally, tool change and programming of absolute zero point as described later are performed at this position. This positi
  • Page 401.GENERAL PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 1.3.2 Coordinate System on Part Drawing and Coordinate System Specified by CNC - Coordinate System Z Z Y Program Y X X Coordinate system Part drawing CNC Comman Tool Z Y Workpiece X Machine tool Fig.1.3.2 (a) Coordinate system Explanation -Coordinate system The fol
  • Page 41B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 1.GENERAL The positional relation between these two coordinate systems is determined when a workpiece is set on the table. Coordinate system on part drawing established on the workpiece Coordinate system specified by the CNC established on the table Y Y Workpiece X X Table F
  • Page 421.GENERAL PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 2 Mounting a workpiece directly against the jig Program zero point Jig Meet the tool center to the reference position. And set the coordinate system specified by CNC at this position. (Jig shall be mounted on the predetermined point from the reference position.) 3
  • Page 43B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 1.GENERAL 1.3.3 How to Indicate Command Dimensions for Moving the Tool - Absolute, Incremental Commands Explanation Command for moving the tool can be indicated by absolute command or incremental command (See II-8.1). -Absolute command The tool moves to a point at "the dista
  • Page 441.GENERAL PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 -Incremental command Specify the distance from the previous tool position to the next tool position. Z Tool A X=40.0 Y Z=-10.0 B Y-30.0 X G91 X40.0 Y-30.0 Z-10.0 Command specifying movement from point A to point B Distance and direction for movement along each axis
  • Page 45B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 1.GENERAL 1.4 CUTTING SPEED - SPINDLE SPEED FUNCTION The speed of the tool with respect to the workpiece when the workpiece is cut is called the cutting speed. As for the CNC, the cutting speed can be specified by the spindle speed in min-1 unit. Tool Spindle speed Tool diam
  • Page 461.GENERAL PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 1.5 SELECTION OF TOOL USED FOR VARIOUS MACHINING - TOOL FUNCTION When drilling, tapping, boring, milling or the like, is performed, it is necessary to select a suitable tool. When a number is assigned to each tool and the number is specified in the program, the cor
  • Page 47B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 1.GENERAL 1.6 COMMAND FOR MACHINE OPERATIONS - MISCELLANEOUS FUNCTION When machining is actually started, it is necessary to rotate the spindle, and feed coolant. For this purpose, on-off operations of spindle motor and coolant valve should be controlled. The function of spe
  • Page 481.GENERAL PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 1.7 PROGRAM CONFIGURATION A group of commands given to the CNC for operating the machine is called the program. By specifying the commands, the tool is moved along a straight line or an arc, or the spindle motor is turned on and off. In the program, specify the com
  • Page 49B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 1.GENERAL Explanation - Block The block and the program have the following configurations. 1 block Nxxxxx Gxx Xxxx.x Yxxx.x Mxx Sxx Txx ; Sequence Preparatory Dimension word Miscellaneous Spindle Tool number function function function function End of block Fig.1.7 (b) Block
  • Page 501.GENERAL PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 - Main program and subprogram When machining of the same pattern appears at many portions of a program, a program for the pattern is created. This is called the subprogram. On the other hand, the original program is called the main program. When a subprogram execut
  • Page 51B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 1.GENERAL 1.8 TOOL FIGURE AND TOOL MOTION BY PROGRAM Explanation -Machining using the end of cutter - Tool length compensation function Usually, several tools are used for machining one workpiece. The tools have different tool length. It is very troublesome to change the pro
  • Page 521.GENERAL PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 1.9 TOOL MOVEMENT RANGE - STROKE Limit switches are installed at the ends of each axis on the machine to prevent tools from moving beyond the ends. The range in which tools can move is called the stroke. Table Motor Machine zero point Limit switch Specify these dis
  • Page 53B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 2.CONROLLED AXES 2 CONROLLED AXES - 29 -
  • Page 542.CONROLLED AXES PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 2.1 CONTROLLED AXES Series 15i/150i Item Standard type Multiple axes type No. of basic controlled axes 3 axes (2 axes) Controlled axes expansion Max. 10 axes Max. 24 axes (total) (Cs axis is 2 axes) Basic simultaneously 2 axes controlled axes Simultaneously
  • Page 55B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 2.CONROLLED AXES 2.2 AXIS NAME Names of axes can be optionally selected from X, Y, Z, A, B, C, U, V, and W. They can be set by parameter No. 1020. Explanation - Axis name expansion function With the optional axis name expansion function, I, J, K, and E can also be used as ax
  • Page 562.CONROLLED AXES PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 2.3 INCREMENT SYSTEM The increment system uses least input increment (for input) and least command increment (for output). The least input increment is the least increment for programming the travel distance. The least command increment is the least incremen
  • Page 57B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 2.CONROLLED AXES By setting bit 0 (IM0) of parameter No. 1013 for ten-fold input unit, each increment system is set as shown in Table2.3 (b). Table2.3 (b) Name of Least input Least command increment Maximum stroke increment increment system 0.01 mm 0.001 mm 99999.999 mm IS-B
  • Page 582.CONROLLED AXES PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 2.4 MAXIMUM STROKE Maximum stroke = Least command increment × 99999999 (For IS-D and IS-E, 999999999) See 2.3 Increment System. Table2.4 (a) Maximum stroke Increment system Maximum stroke Metric machine ±999999.99 mm system ±999999.99 deg IS-A Inch machine ±
  • Page 59B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 3.PREPARATORY FUNCTION (G FUNCTION) 3 PREPARATORY FUNCTION (G FUNCTION) A preparatory function is specified using a numeric value following address G. This determines the meanings of the commands specified in the block. G codes are divided into the following two types: Type
  • Page 603.PREPARATORY FUNCTION (G FUNCTION) PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 Table3 G code list Code Group Function G00 Positioning G01 Linear interpolation G02 Circular interpolation/Helical interpolation CW G03 Circular interpolation/Helical interpolation CCW G02.2 Involute interpolation CW G03.2 Involute interpo
  • Page 61B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 3.PREPARATORY FUNCTION (G FUNCTION) Table3 G code list Code Group Function G33 01 Threading G37 Automatic tool length measurement G38 00 Cutter compensation C vector retention G39 Cutter compensation C corner rounding Cutter compensation cancel / G40 Three dimensional compen
  • Page 623.PREPARATORY FUNCTION (G FUNCTION) PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 Table3 G code list Code Group Function G73 Peck drilling cycle G74 Counter tapping cycle G76 Fine boring cycle Canned cycle cancel / external operation function G80 cancel / Electronic gear box synchronous cancel (Command for hobbing machi
  • Page 63B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMING 4.INTERPOLATION FUNCTIONS 4 INTERPOLATION FUNCTIONS - 39 -
  • Page 644.INTERPOLATION FUNCTIONS PROGRAMING B-63784EN/01 4.1 POSITIONING (G00) The G00 command moves a tool to the position in the workpiece system specified with an absolute or an incremental command at a rapid traverse rate. In the absolute command, coordinate value of the end point is programmed. In the
  • Page 65B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMING 4.INTERPOLATION FUNCTIONS This range is determined by the machine tool builder by setting to parameter (No. 1827). In-position check for each block can be disabled by setting bit 0 (CIP) of parameter No.1000 accordingly. Limitation (1) The rapid traverse rate cannot be specif
  • Page 664.INTERPOLATION FUNCTIONS PROGRAMING B-63784EN/01 4.2 SINGLE DIRECTION POSITIONING (G60) For accurate positioning without play of the machine (backlash), final positioning from one direction is available. Overrun Start position Start position End position Temporary stop Fig.4.2 (a) Direction positio
  • Page 67B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMING 4.INTERPOLATION FUNCTIONS (Example) When one-shot G60 commands When modal G60 command are used. is used. : : : : G90; G90 G60; Single direction G60 X0 Y0; X0 Y0; positioning mode start G60 X100; Single direction X100; Single direction G60 Y100; positioning Y100; positioning G
  • Page 684.INTERPOLATION FUNCTIONS PROGRAMING B-63784EN/01 4.3 LINEAR INTERPOLATION (G01) Tools can move along a line Format G01 IP_ F_ ; IP_ : For an absolute command, the coordinates of an end point , and for an incremental commnad, the distance the tool moves. F_ : Speed of tool feed (Feedrate) Explanatio
  • Page 69B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMING 4.INTERPOLATION FUNCTIONS (Example) G91 G01 X20.0 C40.0 F300.0 ; This changes the unit of the C axis from 40.0 deg to 40mm with metric input. The time required for distribution is calculated as follows: 20 2 + 40 2 ≅ 0 . 14907 min 300 The feed rate for the C axis is 40 deg ≅
  • Page 704.INTERPOLATION FUNCTIONS PROGRAMING B-63784EN/01 4.4 CIRCULAR INTERPOLATION (G02,G03) The command below will move a tool along a circular arc. Format Arc in the XpYp plane G02 I_ J_ G17 Xp_ Yp_ F_ ; G03 R_ Arc in the ZpXp plane G02 K_ I_ G18 Zp_ Xp_ F_ ; G03 R_ Arc in the YpZp plane G02 J_ K_ G19 Y
  • Page 71B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMING 4.INTERPOLATION FUNCTIONS Explanation - Direction of the circular interpolation "Clockwise"(G02) and "counterclockwise"(G03) on the XpYp plane (ZpXp plane or YpZp plane) are defined when the XpYp plane is viewed in the positive-to-negative direction of the Zp axis (Yp axis or
  • Page 724.INTERPOLATION FUNCTIONS PROGRAMING B-63784EN/01 - Arc radius The distance between an arc and the center of a circle that contains the arc can be specified using the radius, R, of the circle instead of I, J, and K. In this case, one arc is less than 180deg., and the other is more than 180deg. are c
  • Page 73B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMING 4.INTERPOLATION FUNCTIONS - Cases where a spiral results When an end point does not lie on the arc, a spiral results, as shown below. End point γe γ(t) (γe − γs)θ ( t ) γ(t) = γs + θ(t) θ θ Start point γs Center radius Start point γs γe End point θ Center θ Fig.4.4 (d) Case W
  • Page 744.INTERPOLATION FUNCTIONS PROGRAMING B-63784EN/01 Example Y axis 100 50R 60 60R 40 0 X axis 90 120 140 200 Fig.4.4 (e) Sample program The above tool path can be programmed as follows ; (1) In absolute programming G92X200.0 Y40.0 Z0 ; G90 G03 X140.0 Y100.0R60.0 F300.; G02 X120.0 Y60.0R50.0 ; or G92X2
  • Page 75B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMING 4.INTERPOLATION FUNCTIONS 4.5 HELICAL INTERPOLATION (G02,G03) Helical interpolation which moved helically is enabled by specifying up to two other axes which move synchronously with the circular interpolation by circular commands. Format Synchronously with arc of XpYp plane G
  • Page 764.INTERPOLATION FUNCTIONS PROGRAMING B-63784EN/01 Z Tool path X Y The feedrate along the circumference of two circular interpolated axes is the specified feedrate. Fig.4.5 (a) Feedrate When Parameter HTG = 0 When bit 2 (HTG) of parameter No. 1401 is set to 1, the speed command specifies the feedrate
  • Page 77B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMING 4.INTERPOLATION FUNCTIONS 4.6 HELICAL INTERPOLATION B (G02,G03) Helical interpolation B allows the tool to move in helically. This can be done by specifying the circular interpolation command together with up to four axes. Format Synchronously with arc of XpYp plane G02 I_ J_
  • Page 784.INTERPOLATION FUNCTIONS PROGRAMING B-63784EN/01 4.7 HYPOTHETICAL AXIS INTERPOLATION (G07) In helical interpolation, when pulses are distributed with one of the circular interpolation axes set to a hypothetical axis, sine interpolation is enabled. When one of the circular interpolation axes is set
  • Page 79B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMING 4.INTERPOLATION FUNCTIONS - Handle interrupt Specify hypothetical axis interpolation only in the incremental mode. Limitation - Manual operation The hypothetical axis can be used only in automatic operation. In manual operation, it is not used, and movement takes place. - Mov
  • Page 804.INTERPOLATION FUNCTIONS PROGRAMING B-63784EN/01 - Changing the feedrate to form a sine curve (Sample program) G07Z0 ; The Z-axis is set to a hypothetical axis. G02X0Z0I10.0F4. ; The feedrate on the X-axis changes sinusoidally. G07Z1 ; The use of the Z-axis as a hypothetical axis is canceled. F 4.0
  • Page 81B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMING 4.INTERPOLATION FUNCTIONS 4.8 POLAR COORDINATE INTERPOLATION (G12.1,G13.1) Polar coordinate interpolation is a function that exercises contour control in converting a command programmed in a Cartesian coordinate system to the movement of a linear axis (movement of a tool) and
  • Page 824.INTERPOLATION FUNCTIONS PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 CAUTION The plane used before G12.1 is specified (plane selected by G17, G18, or G19) is canceled. It is restored when G13.1 (canceling polar coordinate interpolation) is specified. When the system is reset, polar coordinate interpolation is cancele
  • Page 83B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 4.INTERPOLATION FUNCTIONS - Movement along axes not in the polar coordinate interpolation plane in the polar coordinate interpolation mode The tool moves along such axes normally, independent of polar coordinate interpolation. - Current position display in the polar coordina
  • Page 844.INTERPOLATION FUNCTIONS PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 WARNING 1 Consider lines L1, L2, and L3. ∆X is the distance the tool moves per time unit at the feedrate specified with address F in the Cartesian coordinate system. As the tool moves from L1 to L2 to L3, the angle at which the tool moves per time u
  • Page 85B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 4.INTERPOLATION FUNCTIONS Example Example of Polar Coordinate Interpolation Program Based on X Axis(Linear Axis) and C Axis (Rotary Axis) C'(hypothetical axis) C axis Path after cutter compensation Program path N204 N203 N205 N200 N202 N201 X axis Tool N208 N206 N207 Z axis
  • Page 864.INTERPOLATION FUNCTIONS PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 4.8.1 Virtual Axis Direction Compensation for Polar Coordinate Interpolation In polar coordinate interpolation, this function compensates a machine if it has an error on the virtual axis, that is, the center of the rotation axis is not on the X-axis
  • Page 87B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 4.INTERPOLATION FUNCTIONS - Polar coordinate travel distance and calculation expression In the following figure, if the point (X2, C2) is specified when the tool is at the point (X1, C1) where the X-axis and the virtual C-axis interest with each other, the travel distance (X
  • Page 884.INTERPOLATION FUNCIONS PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 4.9 CYLINDRICAL INTERPOLATION (G07.1) The amount of travel of a rotary axis specified by an angle is once internally converted to a distance of a linear axis along the outer surface so that linear interpolation or circular interpolation can be perfor
  • Page 89B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 4.INTERPOLATION FUNCIONS - Circular interpolation (G02,G03) In the cylindrical interpolation mode, circular interpolation is possible with the rotation axis and another linear axis. Radius R is used in commands in the same way as described in II-4.4. The unit for a radius is
  • Page 904.INTERPOLATION FUNCIONS PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 Limitation - Arc radius specification in the cylindrical interpolation mode In the cylindrical interpolation mode, an arc radius cannot be specified with word address I, J, or K. - Cutter compensation To perform cutter compensation, specify G41, G42,
  • Page 91B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 4.INTERPOLATION FUNCIONS - Multiple-rotary axis control function If the rotation axis for which the multiple-rotary-axis control function is used is specified as the rotation axis used with cylindrical interpolation, the multiple-rotary axis control function is disabled in c
  • Page 924.INTERPOLATION FUNCIONS PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 4.10 CYLINDRICAL INTERPOLATION CUTTING POINT CONTROL (G07.1) The conventional cylindrical interpolation function controls the tool center so that the tool axis always moves along a specified path on the cylindrical surface, towards the rotation axis
  • Page 93B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 4.INTERPOLATION FUNCIONS - Cutting point compensation (1) Cutting point compensation between blocks As shown in Fig.4.10(b), cutting point compensation is achieved by moving between blocks N1 and N2. 1) Let C1 and C2 be the heads of the vectors normal to N1 and N2 from S1, w
  • Page 944.INTERPOLATION FUNCIONS PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 π ∆Y = − (∆V )r 180 ∆V :Cutting point compensation value (∆V2 - ∆V1) for movement of ∆L ∆V1 :C-axis component of the vector normal to N1 from the tool center of the start point of ∆L ∆V2 :C-axis component of the vector normal to N1 from the tool cent
  • Page 95B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 4.INTERPOLATION FUNCIONS V : C-axis component of C2 - C1 C1 : Cutting surface of block N1 Z-axis C2 : Cutting surface after the end of block N1 Tool center path S1 S2 C2 C1 N1 C2 N2 V N3 Programmed path C-axis on the cylindrical surface Y-axis Fig.4.10(d) When Bit 6 (CYS) of
  • Page 964.INTERPOLATION FUNCIONS PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 3) When the amount of travel (L1) of block N2 is less than the value set in parameter No. 6113, as shown in Fig.4.10(f), cutting point compensation is not applied between blocks N1 and N2. Instead, block N2 is executed with the cutting point compensa
  • Page 97B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 4.INTERPOLATION FUNCIONS V : Cutting point compensation between blocks N2 and N3 C1 : Cutting surface of blocks N1 and N2 Z-axis C2 : Cutting surface of block N3 L1 V R S2 S1 N2 C1 C2 N3 Tool center path C1 N1 Programmed path C-axis on the Y-axis cylindrical surface Fig.4.10
  • Page 984.INTERPOLATION FUNCIONS PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 (1) When the normal direction changes between blocks N1 and N2, cutting point compensation is applied between blocks N1 and N2. As shown in Fig.4.10(i), cutting point compensation is applied according to (1) of cutting point compensation, described a
  • Page 99B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 4.INTERPOLATION FUNCIONS V1 : A-axis component of C2 - C1’ A-axis on the cylindrical surface C1 : Cutting surface of block N1 Tool C2’ : Cutting surface at the end point of block N2 C2’ S2 N3 Normal direction vector Programmed path N2 C1 Y-axis B1 V1 C2 S1 N1 Tool center pat
  • Page 1004.INTERPOLATION FUNCIONS PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 V2 : A-axis component C3 - C1 C1 : Cutting surface of block N1 A-axis on the cylindrical surface C1’ : Cutting surface of block N2 L2 Tool C3 : Cutting surface of block N3 Vector S2C1 = Vector S2C1' C1’ N3 S2 V2 N2 C3 Programmed path L1 C1 Y-axis V1
  • Page 101B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 4.INTERPOLATION FUNCIONS Z-axis Fc’ Programmed path Ve Tool Vce Fz = Fz’ Vs Vcs Fc C-axis Y-axis Fig.4.10 (l) Actual Speed Indication during Circular Interpolation - Usable G codes (1) In any of the following G code modes, cylindrical interpolation cutting point compensation
  • Page 1024.INTERPOLATION FUNCIONS PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 Limitation - Overcutting during inner corner cutting Theoretically, when the inner area of a corner is cut using linear interpolation as shown in Fig. 4.10(m), this function slightly overcuts the inner walls of the corner. This overcutting can be avo
  • Page 103B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 4.INTERPOLATION FUNCIONS Z-axis Z-axis (mm) C-axis on the 120 Tool Cylindrical (1) (2) (3) surface (4) 90 80 70 Programmed path 60 Tool center path 30 (5) Tool C-axis on the Cylindrical surface 20 30 60 70 (deg) Fig.4.10 (n) Path of Sample Program for Cylindrical Interpolati
  • Page 1044.INTERPOLATION FUNCIONS PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 Positional relationship between the Positional relationship between the workpiece and tool of (1) workpiece and tool of (2) Rotation Workpiece Rotation 0° 0° 20° Cutting surface Tool Y-axis Y-axis Tool center Positional relationship between the Posit
  • Page 105B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 4.INTERPOLATION FUNCIONS - Example of specifying cylindrical interpolation cutting point compensation and normal direction control at the same time Cutter compensation value No. 01 = 30 mm O0002(CYLINDRICAL INTERPOLATION2) ; N01 G00 G90 X100.0 A0 ; N02 G01 G91 G17 X0 A0 ; N0
  • Page 1064.INTERPOLATION FUNCIONS PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 4.11 EXPONENTIAL INTERPOLATION (G02.3,G03.3) Exponential interpolation exponentially changes the rotation of a workpiece with respect to movement on the rotary axis. Furthermore, exponential interpolation performs linear interpolation with respect to
  • Page 107B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 4.INTERPOLATION FUNCIONS Format positive rotation (ω ω=0) G02.3 X_ Y_ Z_ I_ J_ K_ R_ F_ Q_ ; Negative rotation (ω ω=1) G03.3 X_ Y_ Z_ I_ J_ K_ R_ F_ Q_ ; X_ : Specifies an end point with an absolute or incremental value. Y_ : Specifies an end point with an absolute or increm
  • Page 1084.INTERPOLATION FUNCIONS PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 Explanation - Exponential relational expressions Exponential relational expressions for a linear axis and rotary axis are defined as follows: θ 1 X (θ ) = R × (e k − 1) × Movement on the linear axis (1) tan(l ) ω θ A(θ ) = ( −1) × 360 × Movement on t
  • Page 109B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 4.INTERPOLATION FUNCIONS - Rotation angle θ In exponential interpolation, the X coordinate and angular displacement θ of the A axis to X are expressed by equation (1). x × tan(I) θ(X) = K × ln( + 1) - - - - - - - - - - (1) R where, I is the gradient. In equation (1), the por
  • Page 1104.INTERPOLATION FUNCIONS PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 - Gradient I The relationship between the machining profile and the sign of the gradient I is as follows: - For a slope going upward from left to right, I is a positive value. - For a slope going downward from left to right, I is a negative value. Ex
  • Page 111B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 4.INTERPOLATION FUNCIONS Limitation - Cases where linear interpolation is performed Even when the G02.3 or G03.3 mode is set, linear interpolation is performed in the following cases: - When the linear axis specified in parameter(No.7636) is not specified, or the amount of m
  • Page 1124.INTERPOLATION FUNCIONS PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 Example - Constant helix machining for producing a tapered figure Z I A B r X J U X - Constant helix machining for producing a reverse tapered figure Z I A B r X J U X Fig.4.11 (e) Constant Helix Machining for Producing a Tapered Figure Relational ex
  • Page 113B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 4.INTERPOLATION FUNCIONS ω : Helix direction (0: Positive, 1: Negative) θ : Workpiece rotation angle From expressions (3) and (4), the following is obtained ; Z (θ ) = tan( B ) × ( X (θ ) − U ) + Z (0) (5) The groove bottom taper angle (B) is determined from the end point po
  • Page 1144.INTERPOLATION FUNCIONS PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 4.12 INVOLUTE INTERPOLATION (G02.2,G03.2) Involute curve machining can be performed by using involute interpolation. Involute interpolation ensures continuous pulse distribution even in high-speed operation in small blocks, thus enabling smooth and h
  • Page 115B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 4.INTERPOLATION FUNCIONS Yp Yp Po Ps R I End point Start 0 J Pe point I Ps Po J 0 R Base circle Pe End point Xp Xp Clockwise involute interpolation (G02.2) Yp Yp Ro End point R Pe Start point End I 0 Ps point Pe Po J 0 R J I Ps Start point Xp Xp Counterclockwise involute int
  • Page 1164.INTERPOLATION FUNCIONS PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 Explanation - Involute curve An involute curve on the X-Y plane is defined as follows ; X(θ)=R[cos θ + (θ – θo) sin θ] + Xo Y(θ)=R[sin θ + (θ – θo) cos θ] + Yo where, Xo, Yo : Coordinates of the center of a base circle R : Base circle radius θo : Ang
  • Page 117B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 4.INTERPOLATION FUNCIONS - Choosing from two types of involute curves When only a start point and I, J, and K data are given, two types of involute curves can be created. One type of involute curve extends towards the base circle, and the other extends away from the base cir
  • Page 1184.INTERPOLATION FUNCIONS PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 - Modes that allow involute interpolation specification Involute interpolation can be specified in the following G code modes: G41 : Cutter compensation left G42 : Cutter compensation right G51 : Scaling G51.1 : Programmable mirror image G68 : Coordi
  • Page 119B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 4.INTERPOLATION FUNCIONS 4.12.1 Involute Interpolation with a Linear Axis and Rotation Axis (G02.2,G03.3) In the polar coordinate interpolation mode, an involute curve can be machined using involute interpolation. The involute curve to be machined is drawn in the plane of th
  • Page 1204.INTERPOLATION FUNCIONS PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 - Specifying end coordinates In polar coordinate interpolation mode, each position is represented by a distance from the center and an angle. The end coordinates are specified using Cartesian coordinates on the polar coordinate interpolation plane. -
  • Page 121B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 4.INTERPOLATION FUNCIONS O0001 ; : N010 T0101 ; : N100 G90 G00 X15.0 C0 Z0 ; Positioning to the start position N200 G12.1 ; Start of polar coordinate interpolation N201 G41 G00 X-1.0 ; N202 G01 Z-2.0 F_ ; N203 G02.2 X1.0 C9.425 I1.0 J0 R1.0 ; Involute interpolation during po
  • Page 1224.INTERPOLATION FUNCIONS PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 4.13 HELICAL INVOLUTE INTERPOLATION (G02.2,G03.3) This interpolation function applies involute Interpolation to two axes and directs movement for up to four other axes at the same time. This function is similar to the helical function used in circula
  • Page 123B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 4.INTERPOLATION FUNCTIONS 4.14 SPLINE INTERPOLATION (G06.1) Spline interpolation produces a spline curve connecting specified points. When this function is used, the tool moves along the smooth curve connecting the points. The spline interpolation command eliminates the need
  • Page 1244.INTERPOLATION FUNCTIONS PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 - Specifying a G06.1 block or next block The axes to be specified in spline interpolation mode must all be specified in a block containing G06.1 or the next block. - When a tangent vector is specified in the G06.1 block, it is specified together wit
  • Page 125B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 4.INTERPOLATION FUNCTIONS - Modes in which spline interpolation can be specified The spline interpolation mode can be specified in the following G-code modes: G17 : Selection of the XY plane G18 : Selection of the ZX plane G19 : Selection of the YZ plane G20 : Input in inche
  • Page 1264.INTERPOLATION FUNCTIONS PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 P2 P4 P1 P5 Pn Pn+1 P3 Fig.4.14 (a) Spline interpolation - Three-dimensional offset Spline interpolation can be executed in the three-dimensional tool compensation mode. The spline interpolation function automatically produces vectors for three-dime
  • Page 127B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 4.INTERPOLATION FUNCTIONS 3) Three-dimensional tool compensation vector at the last point Position : The vector is on the plane containing the point, previous point, and next point. It is perpendicular to the straight line connecting the previous and next points. Direction :
  • Page 1284.INTERPOLATION FUNCTIONS PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 angle of 90° or less, the vector may not be produced in the correct direction. Pi θ Pi-1 Pi+1 Fig.4.14 (d) Vector 3 - Sample program of three-dimensional tool offset The system is in the spline interpolation mode included in the three- dimensional t
  • Page 129B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 4.INTERPOLATION FUNCTIONS Limitation - Modes not allowed Before specifying G06.1, cancel canned cycle mode, tool offset mode, and cutter compensation mode if these modes are set. - First block of the subprogram Specify a move command in the first block of the subprogram to b
  • Page 1304.INTERPOLATION FUNCTIONS PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 4.15 SPIRAL INTERPOLATION, CONICAL INTERPOLATION (G02,G03) Spiral interpolation is enabled by specifying the circular interpolation command together with a desired number of revolutions or a desired increment (decrement) for the radius per revolutio
  • Page 131B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 4.INTERPOLATION FUNCTIONS (*1) Either the number of revolutions (L) or the radius increment or decrement (Q) can be omitted. When L is omitted, the number of revolutions is automatically calculated from the distance between the current position and the center, the position o
  • Page 1324.INTERPOLATION FUNCTIONS PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 - Conical interpolation Xp-Yp plane G02 G17 X_ Y_ I_ J_ Z_ Q_ L_ F_ ; G03 Zp-Yp plane G02 G18 Z_ X_ K_ I_ Y_ Q_ L_ F_ ; G03 Yp-Zp plane G02 G19 Y_ Z_ J_ K_ X_ Q_ L_ F_ ; G03 X,Y,Z:Coordinates of the end point L : Number of revolutions (positive valu
  • Page 133B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 4.INTERPOLATION FUNCTIONS (*1) One of the height increment/decrement (I, J, K), radius increment/decrement (Q), and the number of revolutions (L) must be specified. The other two items can be omitted. - Sample command for the Xp-Yp plane G02 K_ G17 X_ Y_ I_ J_ Z_ Q_ F_ ; G03
  • Page 1344.INTERPOLATION FUNCTIONS PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 Explanation - Function of spiral interpolation Spiral interpolation in the XY plane is defined as follows: (X-X0)2+(Y-Y0)2=(R+Q')2 X0 : X coordinate of the center Y0 : Y coordinate of the center R : Radius at the beginning of spiral interpolation Q'
  • Page 135B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 4.INTERPOLATION FUNCTIONS Y 100.0 X -30.0 α 20.0 -33.5 20.0 20.0 Q-20. G90 G02 X0 Y-33.5 I0 J-100. F300 ; L4 When the specified end point is (0, -33.5), the calculated end point is (0, -30.0). Specify a value greater than the difference (a : permissible error) in parameter 2
  • Page 1364.INTERPOLATION FUNCTIONS PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 - Tool offset The spiral interpolation function and conical interpolation function can be used in cutter compensation C mode. The same compensation is applied as that described in (d) Exceptional case, (3) Offset mode, II- 14.4.3 Detailed explanatio
  • Page 137B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 4.INTERPOLATION FUNCTIONS - Feedrate clamping by acceleration During spiral interpolation, the function for clamping the feedrate by acceleration (parameter No. 1663) is enabled. The feedrate may decrease as the tool approaches the center of the spiral. - Dry run When the dr
  • Page 1384.INTERPOLATION FUNCTIONS PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 This sample path has the following values: - Start point : (0,100.0) - End point (X,Y) : (0,-30.0) - Distance to the center (I,J) : (0,-100.0) - Radius increment or decrement (Q) : -20.0 - Number of revolutions (L) :4 (1) With absolute values, the p
  • Page 139B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 4.INTERPOLATION FUNCTIONS 4.16 SMOOTH INTERPOLATION (G05.1) Either of two types of machining can be selected, depending on the program command. 1) For those portions where the accuracy of the figure is critical, such as at corners, machining is performed exactly as specified
  • Page 1404.INTERPOLATION FUNCTIONS PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 which precisely follows a programmed path, the uneven surfaces will be judged as being unsatisfactory when smooth surfaces are required. Table 4.16 (a) Profiles and Radius of Curvature Profile Small radius of Large radius of curvature curvature Exam
  • Page 141B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 4.INTERPOLATION FUNCTIONS Interpolated by smooth curve N17 N16 N13 N12 N15 N14 N11 N10 N1 N2 N5 N6 N3 N4 N7 N8 N9 Interpolated by smooth curve Linear interpolation Linear interpolation N17 N16 N13 N12 N15 N14 N11 N10 N1 N2 N5 N6 N3 N4 N7 N8 N9 Fig.4.16 (c) Smooth Interpolati
  • Page 1424.INTERPOLATION FUNCTIONS PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 - Commands which cancel smooth interpolation When one of the following commands is specified, smooth interpolation is canceled: (1) G04 : Dwell G09 : Exact stop check G31,G31.1,G31.2,G31.3: Skip function G37 : Tool length measurement (2) M code that
  • Page 143B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 4.INTERPOLATION FUNCTIONS Example G91 G5. 1 Q2 X0 Y0 Z0 N01 G01 X1000 Z-300 F500 N02 X1000 Z-200 N03 X1000 Z-50 N04 X1000 Z50 N05 X1000 Z50 N06 X1000 Z-25 N07 X1000 Z-175 N08 X1000 Z-350 N09 Y1000 N10 X-1000 Z350 N11 X-1000 Z175 N12 X
  • Page 1444.INTERPOLATION FUNCTIONS PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 - Intervals of specified points The intervals of specified points must be equal wherever possible. Otherwise, the path may rise greatly. The figure below shows an enlarged view of the rises of a curve. 1) If the intervals of specified points are equ
  • Page 145B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 4.INTERPOLATION FUNCTIONS 4.17 NURBS INTERPOLATION (G06.2) Many computer-aided design (CAD) systems used to design metal dies for automobiles utilize non-uniform rational B-spline (NURBS) to express a sculptured surface or curve for the metal dies. This function enables NURB
  • Page 1464.INTERPOLATION FUNCTIONS PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 Format G06.2 [P_ ] K_ IP_ [R_ ] [F_ ] ; K_ IP_ [R_ ] ; K_ IP_ [R_ ] ; K_ IP_ [R_ ] ; : K_ IP_ [R_ ] ; K_ ; … K_ ; G01… : G06.2 : Start NURBS interpolation mode P_ : Rank of NURBS curve IP_ : Control point (Up to the maximum number of controlled axes
  • Page 147B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 4.INTERPOLATION FUNCTIONS - Knot The number of specified knots must equal the number of control points plus the rank value. In the blocks specifying the first to last control points, each control point and a knot are specified in the same block. After these blocks, as many b
  • Page 1484.INTERPOLATION FUNCTIONS PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 - NUBRS curved line segments From the definition of NUBRS curved lines given above, it can be seen that the points on an NURBS curved line of rank n (degree (n-1)) consist of n successive control points. A part of an NUBRS curved line, generated by
  • Page 149B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 4.INTERPOLATION FUNCTIONS - Valid speed command range An NUBRS curved line of rank n (degree (n-1)) that has m control points includes (m - n + 1) segments. The speed command (address F) for a block that ranges from the first control point to the (m-n+1)-th control point app
  • Page 1504.INTERPOLATION FUNCTIONS PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 At a corner, automatic speed control is exercised so that speed changes on each axis do not exceed the allowable speed difference limit specified with parameter No. 1478. (See Fig.4.17 (f)) Speed N1 N1 N2 N2 Corner Time Fig.4.17 (f) Speed Determinat
  • Page 151B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 4.INTERPOLATION FUNCTIONS Alarm No. Display message Description PS1001 NURBS interpolation A rank specification is incorrect. error PS1002 NURBS interpolation No knot is specified. (In NURBS error interpolation mode, a block that is not related to NURBS interpolation is spec
  • Page 1524.INTERPOLATION FUNCTIONS PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 - PS1002 NO KNOT SPECIFIED A knot must be specified in each block of NURBS interpolation. If there is a block without address K, alarm PS1002 is issued. O0002 G06.2 P4 X0. Y0. Z0. K0. X10. Y10. Z10. K0. X20. Y20. Z20. K0. X30. Y30. Z30. K0. X40. Y40
  • Page 153B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 4.INTERPOLATION FUNCTIONS G06.2 P4 X0. Y0. Z0. K0. X10. Y10. Z10. K0. X20. Y20. Z20. K0. X30. Y30. Z30. K0. K1. K1. K1. K1. G01 O0005 G06.2 P4 X0. Y0. Z0. K0. X10. Y10. Z10. K0. X20. Y20. Z20. K0. X30. Y30. Z30. K0. K1. K1. K1. K1. G01 F1000 (No alarm is issued.) G06.2 P4 X0
  • Page 1544.INTERPOLATION FUNCTIONS PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 - PS1004 INSUFFICIENT SIMPLE KNOT BLOCKS In NURBS interpolation, the end of a NURBS curve command is determined by detecting as many knot commands as the number of orders. If the system encounters a command specifying another mode before detecting a
  • Page 155B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 4.INTERPOLATION FUNCTIONS N3 X20. Y20. Z20. K0. N4 X30. Y30. Z30. K0. (No alarm is issued.) N5 X40. Y40. Z40. K1. N6 X50. Y50. Z50. K2. N7 K3. N8 K3. N9 K3. N10 K3. (Alarm PS1007 is issued.) O0010 G06.2 P4 X0. Y0. Z0. K0. X10. Y10. Z10. K0. X20. Y20. Z20. K0. X30. Y30. Z30.
  • Page 1564.INTERPOLATION FUNCTIONS PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 K2. K2. - PS1009 WRONG FIRST CONTROL POINT The first control point of NURBS interpolation must be the start point of a NURBS curve, which is the current position when the previous block ends. O0013 G90 G01 X100. Y100. Z100. F1000 G06.2 P4 X100. Y100
  • Page 157B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 4.INTERPOLATION FUNCTIONS ... G01 ... Z Y 1000. X 2000. Fig.4.17 (g) Sample Program - 133 -
  • Page 1584.INTERPOLATION FUNCTIONS PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 4.17.1 NURBS Interpolation Additional Functions The functions below are added to NURBS interpolation of the FANUC Series 15i. - Parametric feedrate control The maximum feedrate of each segment is determined by a specified feedrate and acceleration v
  • Page 159B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 4.INTERPOLATION FUNCTIONS X50. Y50. K2. K3. K3. K3. K3. 2. Specified feedrate Feedrate 2000 1800 1500 Time 3. Parametric feedrate control Feedrate 2000 1800 1500 Time 4. After acceleration/deceleration before interpolation, the actual feedrate is as follows: Feedrate 2000 18
  • Page 1604.INTERPOLATION FUNCTIONS PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 - High-precision knot command When bit 1 (HIK) of parameter No. 8412 is set to 1, a knot command consisting of up to 12 integer digits and up to 12 fraction digits can be specified. This function is applicable only to a knot command (address K) incl
  • Page 161B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 4.INTERPOLATION FUNCTIONS - Simple start command When bit 0 (EST) of parameter No. 8412 is set to 1, a control point command can be omitted at the first control point. The knot values of the first block and the second block are the same, so that the knot command can be omitt
  • Page 1624.INTERPOLATION FUNCTIONS PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 - Maximum cutting feedrate along each axis With the conventional specification, the specified feedrate F during NURBS interpolation is clamped to the minimum value of the maximum cutting feedrate (parameter No. 1422) of each axis as indicated by the
  • Page 163B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 4.INTERPOLATION FUNCTIONS Fx (t ) Max( F ) ≤ Fmax ( X ) F (t ) F y (t ) Max( F ) ≤ Fmax (Y ) F (t ) Fz (t ) Max( F ) ≤ Fmax ( Z ) F (t ) Fa (t ) Max( F ) ≤ Fmax ( A) F (t ) Fb (t ) Max( F ) ≤ Fmax ( B) F (t ) (t=0 to 1) So, F is clamped as follows: Fmax ( X ) Fmax (Y ) Fmax
  • Page 1644.INTERPOLATION FUNCTIONS PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 - Rollover If a control point is specified in the absolute mode (G90) for a rotation axis subject to rollover, the relative position shift of the control point based on a shortcut is calculated after rollover processing for the control point. Exampl
  • Page 165B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 4.INTERPOLATION FUNCTIONS 4.18 3-DIMENSIONAL CIRCULAR INTERPOLATION (G02.4 AND G03.4) General Specifying an intermediate and end point on an arc enables circular interpolation in a 3-dimensional space. Format The command format is as follows: G02.4 XX1 YY1 ZZ1 αα1 β β1 ; Fir
  • Page 1664.INTERPOLATION FUNCTIONS PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 - Movement along axes other than the 3-dimensional circular interpolation axis In addition to the 3-dimensional circular interpolation axis (X/Y/Z), up to two arbitrary axes ( / ) can be specified at a time. If / are omitted from the first block (mi
  • Page 167B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 4.INTERPOLATION FUNCTIONS - Cylindrical interpolation - Drilling canned cycle/electronic gearbox - Modal call - Exact stop mode - Automatic corner override - Tapping mode - Chopping - Interrupt-type custom macro - Unidirectional positioning - Dwell - Miscellaneous functions
  • Page 1684.INTERPOLATION FUNCTIONS PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 - Cases in which linear interpolation is performed - If the start point, mid-point, and end-point are on the same line, linear interpolation is performed. - If the start point coincides with the mid-point, the mid-point coincides with the end point,
  • Page 169B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 4.INTERPOLATION FUNCTIONS 4.19 THREADING (G33) The G33 command produces a straight or tapered thread having a constant lead. Format G33 IP_ F_ Q_ ; F_ : Larger component of lead Q_ : Angle by which the threading start angle is shifted (0 to 360deg.) Explanation In general, t
  • Page 1704.INTERPOLATION FUNCTIONS PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 In general, the lag of the servo system, etc. will produce somewhat incorrect leads at the starting and ending points of a thread cut. To compensate for this, a thread cutting length somewhat longer than required should be specified. Table 4.19 (a)
  • Page 171B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 4.INTERPOLATION FUNCTIONS Example Z X Program N20 G90 G00 X100.0Y…S45 M3; N21 Z200.0; N22 G33 Z120.0 F5.0; N23 M19; N24 G00 X105.0; N25 Z200.0 M0; Y N26 X100.0 M3; N27 G04 X2.0; N28 G33 Z120.0 F5.0; : X N20,N21 The center of the tool is aligned with the center of a prepared
  • Page 1724.INTERPOLATION FUNCTIONS PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 4.20 INCH THREADING (G33) When a number of thread ridges per inch is specified with address E, an inch thread can be produced with high precision. Format G33 IP_ E_ Q_; E_ : Number of thread ridges per inch Q_ : Number of thread ridges per inch at t
  • Page 173B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 4.INTERPOLATION FUNCTIONS 4.21 CONTINUOUS THREADING (G33) Continuous threading can be executed when multiple blocks containing the threading command are specified in succession. Explanation At the interface between blocks, the system keeps synchronous control of the spindle
  • Page 1745.FEED FUNCTIONS PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 5 FEED FUNCTIONS - 150 -
  • Page 175B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 5.FEED FUNCTIONS 5.1 GENERAL The feed functions control the feedrate of the tool. The following two feed functions are available: - Feed functions 1. Rapid traverse When the positioning command (G00) is specified, the tool moves at a rapid traverse feedrate set in the CNC (p
  • Page 1765.FEED FUNCTIONS PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 - Tool path in a cutting feed If the direction of movement changes between specified blocks during cutting feed, a rounded-corner path may result (Fig.5.1(b)). Y Programmed path Actual tool path 0 X Fig.5.1(b) Example of Tool Path between Two Blocks In circu
  • Page 177B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 5.FEED FUNCTIONS 5.2 RAPID TRAVERSE Format G00 IP ; G00 : G code (group 01) for positioning (rapid traverse) IP ; Dimension word for the end point Explanation The positioning command (G00) positions the tool by rapid traverse. In rapid traverse, the next block is executed af
  • Page 1785.FEED FUNCTIONS PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 5.3 CUTTING FEED Feedrate of linear interpolation (G01), circular interpolation (G02, G03), etc. are commanded with numbers after the F code. In cutting feed, the next block is executed so that the feedrate change from the previous block is minimized. Four m
  • Page 179B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 5.FEED FUNCTIONS - Feed per minute (G94) After specifying G94 (in the feed per minute mode), the amount of feed of the tool per minute is to be directly specified by setting a number after F. G94 is a modal code. Once a G94 is specified, it is valid until G95 (feed per revol
  • Page 1805.FEED FUNCTIONS PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 For detailed information, see the appropriate manual of the machine tool builder. F Feed amount per spindle revolution (mm/rev or inch/rev) Fig.5.3 (c) Feed per revolution CAUTION When the speed of the spindle is low, feedrate fluctuation may occur. The slow
  • Page 181B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 5.FEED FUNCTIONS Explanation - For linear interpolation (G01) 1 feedrate FRN = = time (min) dis tan ce Feedrate: mm/min (for metric input) inch/min (for inch input) Distance: mm (for metric input) inch (for inch input) To end a block in 1 (min) 1 1 FRN = = = 1 Specify F1.0.
  • Page 1825.FEED FUNCTIONS PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 than the arc distance. Inverse time feed can also be used for cutting feed in a canned cycle. CAUTION When the cutter compensation function is used, actual movement is made after compensation is applied for a programmed command. As a result, the actual feedr
  • Page 183B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 5.FEED FUNCTIONS CAUTION An upper limit is set in mm/min or inch/min. CNC calculation may involve a feedrate error of +2% with respect to a specified value. However, this is not true for acceleration/deceleration. - Setting input of cutting feedrate With some machines, the c
  • Page 1845.FEED FUNCTIONS PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 5.4 OVERRIDE The rapid traverse rate and cutting feedrate can be overridden from the machine operator's panel. 5.4.1 Feedrate Override A programmed feedrate can be reduced or increased by a percentage (%) selected by the override dial. This feature is used t
  • Page 185B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 5.FEED FUNCTIONS 5.4.2 Rapid Traverse Override The rapid traverse rate can be overridden as follows: F0, F1%, 50%, 100% F0 : Feedrate to be set for each axis (parameter No. 1421) F1 : Percentage (parameter No. 1412) or,0% to 100% (in steps of 1%) by setting bit 0 (ROV) of pa
  • Page 1865.FEED FUNCTIONS PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 5.5 CUTTING FEEDRATE CONTROL Cutting feedrate can be controlled, as indicated in Table 5.5 (a). Table 5.5 (a) Cutting Feedrate Control Function name G code Validity of G code Description The tool is decelerated at the end point of a This function is valid fo
  • Page 187B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 5.FEED FUNCTIONS 5.5.1 Exact Stop (G09, G61)Cutting Mode (G64)Tapping Mode (G63) Explanation The inter-block paths followed by the tool in the exact stop mode, cutting mode, and tapping mode are different (Fig.5.5.1(a)). Y (2) Position check Tool path in the exact stop mode
  • Page 1885.FEED FUNCTIONS PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 5.5.2 Automatic Corner Override When cutter compensation is performed, the movement of the tool is automatically decelerated at an inner corner and internal circular area. This reduces the load on the cutter and produces a smoothly machined surface. 5.5.2.1
  • Page 189B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 5.FEED FUNCTIONS - Override range When a corner is determined to be an inner corner, the feedrate is overridden before and after the inner corner. The distances Ls and Le, where the feedrate is overridden, are distances from points on the cutter center path to the corner (Fi
  • Page 1905.FEED FUNCTIONS PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 Programmed path d a Le Ls Le Ls C b (2) Cutter center path Tool Fig.5.5.2 (d) Override Range (Straight Line to Arc, Arc to Straight Line) - Override value An override value is set with parameter No. 6612. An override value is valid even for dry run and F1-di
  • Page 191B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 5.FEED FUNCTIONS 5.5.2.2 Circular cutting feedrate change The feedrate along a programmed path is set to a specified feedrate (F) by setting a circular cutting feedrate with respect to F, as follows: (Fig. 5.5.2(e)) Rc F× Rp Rc : Cutter center path radius Rp : Programmed rad
  • Page 1925.FEED FUNCTIONS PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 5.6 AUTOMATIC VELOCITY CONTROL 5.6.1 Automatic Velocity Control during Involute Interpolation To enhance the machining precision, the function for automatic velocity control during involute interpolation automatically overrides the specified feedrate as foll
  • Page 193B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 5.FEED FUNCTIONS Rcp OVR =  × 100 (for external offset) Rcp + Rofs Rcp OVR =  × 100 (for internal offset) Rcp - Rofs Rcp : Radius of the involute curve at the center of the tool (The involute curve passes through the center of the tool.) Rofs :Radius of the tool
  • Page 1945.FEED FUNCTIONS PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 - Acceleration/deceleration clamping near a base circle If an acceleration calculated from the curvature radius of an involute curve exceeds the value specified in the parameter, the feedrate in the tangent direction is controlled so that the acceleration sp
  • Page 195B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 5.FEED FUNCTIONS 5.6.2 Automatic Velocity Control during Polar Coordinate Interpolation If the feedrate component of a rotation axis exceeds a maximum allowable cutting feedrate in polar coordinate interpolation mode, an OT512 alarm (feedrate excess alarm) is issued. However
  • Page 1965.FEED FUNCTIONS PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 NOTE 1 The machine lock or interlock function sometimes does not work as soon as the corresponding switch is turned on while the automatic clamp function is being executed. 2 If the feed hold switch is turned on while the automatic clamp function is being ex
  • Page 197B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 5.FEED FUNCTIONS 5.7 DWELL Format DwellG04 X_ ; or G04 P_ ; X ; Specify a time (decimal point permitted) P ; Specify a time (decimal point not permitted) Explanation By specifying a dwell, the execution of the next block is delayed by the specified time. Bit 5 (DWL) of param
  • Page 1985.FEED FUNCTIONS PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 5.8 FEEDRATE SPECIFICATION ON A VIRTUAL CIRCLE FOR A ROTARY AXIS The method of feedrate specification on a machine with a rotation axis is improved. [Conventional method] Y Specified feedrate Sample program: (deg/min) N1G91G01X10.F100. N2C10.F50 C N2 The fee
  • Page 199B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 5.FEED FUNCTIONS [Method of feedrate specification on a virtual circle for a rotation axis] With the method of feedrate specification on a virtual circle for a rotation axis, feedrate control is exercised so that the time T’ calculated by the expression below is used to trav
  • Page 2005.FEED FUNCTIONS PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 Limitations - Unusable functions This function cannot be used with the following functions: - G functions of group 01 listed below Positioning Circular interpolation, helical interpolation, spiral interpolation, conical interpolation Circular threading B Inv
  • Page 201B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 5.FEED FUNCTIONS Reference items FANUC Series Operator’s Manual II. 5.3 Cutting Feed 15i/150i-MB (Programming) (B-63784EN) - 177 -
  • Page 2025.FEED FUNCTIONS PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 5.9 AUTOMATIC FEEDRATE CONTROL BY AREA Overview When an area on the XY plane(*1) is specified in cutting mode in automatic operation, the area override can be applied to a specified feedrate(*2) if the tool is in the specified area. To do this, first set an
  • Page 203B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 5.FEED FUNCTIONS Y-axis Vertex pair 1 Vertex pair 2 Vertex pair 2 Vertex pair 1 X-axis Fig.5.9 (c) Two Pairs of Diagonal Vertexes of a Quadrangle Y-axis Area 4, area override 4 In the portion in which areas 1 and 4 overlap, area override 1 is applied. Area 1, area override 1
  • Page 2045.FEED FUNCTIONS PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 Setting an area override An area override is set within the range of 0% to 127%. For each of the four areas, a separate area override can be set. There are two methods of setting an area override, as follows: (1) Specify and write a parameter number in G10.
  • Page 205B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 6.REFERENCE POSITION 6 REFERENCE POSITION A CNC machine tool has a special position where, generally, the tool is exchanged or the coordinate system is set, as described later. This position is referred to as a reference position. - 181 -
  • Page 2066.REFERENCE POSITION PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 6.1 REFERENCE POSITION RETURN The reference position is a fixed position on a machine tool to which the tool can easily be moved by the reference position return function. For example, the reference position is used as a position at which tools are autom
  • Page 207B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 6.REFERENCE POSITION - Reference position return check The reference position return check (G27) is the function which checks whether the tool has correctly returned to the reference position as specified in the program. If the tool has correctly returned to the reference po
  • Page 2086.REFERENCE POSITION PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 - Return from the reference position (G29) In general, it is commanded immediately following the G28 command or G30. For incremental programming, the command value specifies the incremental value from the intermediate point. Positioning to the intermedia
  • Page 209B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 6.REFERENCE POSITION - Lighting the lamp when the programmed position does not coincide with the reference position When the machine tool system is an inch system with metric input, the reference position return lamp may also light up even if the programmed position is shift
  • Page 2106.REFERENCE POSITION PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 6.2 FLOATING REFERENCE POSITION RETURN (G30.1) Tools ca be returned to the floating reference position. A floating reference point is a position on a machine tool, and serves as a reference point for machine tool operation. A floating reference point nee
  • Page 211B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 6.REFERENCE POSITION Example G30.1 G90 X50.0 Y40.0 ; Y Intermediate position (50,40) Floating reference position Workpiece X - 187 -
  • Page 2127.COORDINATE SYSTEM PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 7 COORDINATE SYSTEM By teaching the CNC a desired tool position, the tool can be moved to the position. Such a tool position is represented by coordinates in a coordinate system. Coordinates are specified using program axes. When three program axes, the X
  • Page 213B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 7.COORDINATE SYSTEM 7.1 MACHINE COORDINATE SYSTEM The point that is specific to a machine and serves as the reference of the machine is referred to as the machine zero point. A machine tool builder sets a machine zero point for each machine. A coordinate system with a machin
  • Page 2147.COORDINATE SYSTEM PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 Reference - Machine coordinate system When manual reference position return is performed after power-on, a machine coordinate system is set so that the reference position is at the coordinate values of (α,β) set using parameter No.1240. Machine coordinate
  • Page 215B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 7.COORDINATE SYSTEM 7.2 WORKPIECE COORDINATE SYSTEM A coordinate system used for machining a workpiece is referred to as a workpiece coordinate system. A workpiece coordinate system can be set using one of the two methods described below. (1) Method using G92 A workpiece coo
  • Page 2167.COORDINATE SYSTEM PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 7.2.1 Setting a Workpiece Coordinate System (G92) A programmed command establishes a workpiece coordinate system according to the value after G92. Format (G90) G92 IP Explanation A workpiece coordinate system is set so that a point on the tool, such as th
  • Page 217B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 7.COORDINATE SYSTEM 7.2.2 Setting Workpiece Coordinate System (G54 to G59) Explanation - Setting workpiece coordinate system Six workpiece coordinate systems can be set. These six systems are decided by setting the distances of each axis from the machine zero point to the ze
  • Page 2187.COORDINATE SYSTEM PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 - Shifting workpiece coordinate system Six workpiece coordinate systems can be shifted by a specified value (common workpiece zero point offset value) Workpiece Workpiece Workpiece Workpiece coordinate coordinate system 1 coordinate system 2 coordinate sy
  • Page 219B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 7.COORDINATE SYSTEM 7.2.3 Selecting Workpiece Coordinate System(G54 to G59) A set workpiece coordinate system is selected with a programmed command. Format G54 . . . . . . Workpiece coordinate system 1 G55 . . . . . . Workpiece coordinate system 2 G56 . . . . . . Workpiece c
  • Page 2207.COORDINATE SYSTEM PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 7.2.4 Changing Workpiece Coordinate System The six workpiece coordinate systems specified with G54 to G59 can be changed by changing an common workpiece zero point offset value or workpiece zero point offset value. Three methods are available to change an
  • Page 221B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 7.COORDINATE SYSTEM Explanation - Changing by G10 With the G10 command, each workpiece coordinate system can be changed separately. - Changing by G92 By specifying G92IP_;, a workpiece coordinate system (selected with a code from G54 to G59) is shifted to set a new workpiece
  • Page 2227.COORDINATE SYSTEM PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 G54 Workpiece Suppose that a G54 workpiece coordinate Coordinate system system is specified. Then, a G55 workpiece Z' G55 Workpiece coordinate system where the black circle on Coordinate system the tool (figure at the left) is at 1200.0 (600.0,12000.0) ca
  • Page 223B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 7.COORDINATE SYSTEM 7.2.5 Adding Workpiece Coordinate Systems (G54.1) Besides the six workpiece coordinate systems (standard workpiece coordinate systems) selectable with G54 to G59, 48 additional workpiece coordinate systems (additional workpiece coordinate systems) can be
  • Page 2247.COORDINATE SYSTEM PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 - Setting of the workpiece origin offset in an additional workpiece coordinate system (G10) The following command can be used to set the workpiece origin offset in an additional workpiece coordinate system. G10 L20 Pn IP_ ; (n=1 to 48) Pn specifies a desi
  • Page 225B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 7.COORDINATE SYSTEM 7.2.6 Workpiece Coordinate System Preset (G92.1) The workpiece coordinate system preset function presets a workpiece coordinate system shifted by manual intervention to the pre-shift workpiece coordinate system. The latter system is displaced from the mac
  • Page 2267.COORDINATE SYSTEM PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 these operations is shifted from the machine coordinate system using the commands and operations listed following case. (a) Manual intervention performed when the manual absolute signal is off (b) Move command executed in the machine lock state (c) Moveme
  • Page 227B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 7.COORDINATE SYSTEM 7.2.7 Automatically Presetting the Workpiece Coordinate System This function automatically presets the workpiece coordinate system to the position where machine lock is applied, after the machine is operated with machine lock set on and machine lock is re
  • Page 2287.COORDINATE SYSTEM PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 7.3 LOCAL COORDINATE SYSTEM When a program is created in a workpiece coordinate system, a child workpiece coordinate system can be set for easier programming. Such a child coordinate system is referred to as a local coordinate system. Format G52 IP ; Sett
  • Page 229B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 7.COORDINATE SYSTEM CAUTION 1 When an axis returns to the reference point by the manual reference point return function,the zero point of the local coordinate system of the axis matches that of the work coordinate system. The same is true when the following command is issued
  • Page 2307.COORDINATE SYSTEM PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 7.4 PLANE SELECTION Select the planes for circular interpolation, cutter compensation, and drilling by G-code. The following table lists G-codes and the planes selected by them. Explanation Table7.4 Plane selected by G code G code Selected plane Xp Yp Zp
  • Page 231B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 7.COORDINATE SYSTEM 7.5 PLANE CONVERSION FUNCTION This function converts a machining program created on the G17 plane in the right-hand Cartesian coordinate system to programs for other planes specified by G17.1Px commands, so that the same figure appears on each plane when
  • Page 2327.COORDINATE SYSTEM PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 (2) G17.1 P2 Z X Y G18 plane indicates that the negative direction of the axis perpendicular to the page is the direction coming out the page (in this case, the Y-axis perpendicular to the XZ plane). (3) G17.1 P3 Z Y X G19 plane (4) G17.1 P4 Z X Y G18 pla
  • Page 233B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 7.COORDINATE SYSTEM (5) G17.1 P5 Z Y X G19 plane Program commands on the G17 plane are converted to the following commands by plane conversion: Command G17.1P1 G17.1P2 G17.1P3 G17.1P4 G17.1P5 X X X Y -X -Y Y Y Z Z Z Z Z Z -Y -X Y -X G02 G02 G03 G02 G02 G03 G03 G03 G02 G03 G0
  • Page 2347.COORDINATE SYSTEM PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 Example Y G17 Z Z Y Machine coordinate system X G54 X Y -Z Program coordinate system X G55 G17.1P2 Y Machine coordinate system X Y Y Y G55 G54 X X Z Machine coordinate system X -Z O1000 (MAIN PROGRAM) N10 G91 G28 X0 Y0 Z0 N20 G54 N30 G17 N40 M98 P2000 N50
  • Page 235B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 7.COORDINATE SYSTEM CAUTION 1 Plane conversion can be performed only for commands for the X-, Y-, or Z-axis. 2 Plane conversion cannot be performed for manual operation. 3 Plane conversion cannot be performed for the following commands for moving the tool to a specified posi
  • Page 2367.COORDINATE SYSTEM PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 CAUTION 9 When 1 is set in NCM (bit 7 of parameter No. 2401), resetting the system in the plane conversion mode does not change the mode. Z Original program coordinate system origin Y X When bit 0 of parameter No. 2407 is 1 Y2 100.0 ... N100 G00 X0 Y0 Z0
  • Page 237B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 8.COORDINATE VALUE AND DIMENSION 8 COORDINATE VALUE AND DIMENSION This chapter contains the following topics. 8.1 ABSOLUTE AND INCREMENTAL PROGRAMMING (G90, G91) 8.2 POLAR COORDINATE COMMAND (G15, G16) 8.3 INCH/METRIC CONVERSION (G20, G21) 8.4 DECIMAL POINT INPUT/ POCKET CAL
  • Page 2388.COORDINATE VALUE AND DIMENSION PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 8.1 ABSOLUTE AND INCREMENTAL PROGRAMMING There are two ways to command travels of the tool; the absolute command, and the incremental command. In the absolute command, coordinate value of the end position is programmed; in the incremental com
  • Page 239B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 8.COORDINATE VALUE AND DIMENSION 8.2 POLAR COORDINATE COMMAND (G15,G16) The end point coordinate value can be input in polar coordinates (radius and angle). The plus direction of the angle is counterclockwise of the selected plane first axis + direction, and the minus direct
  • Page 2408.COORDINATE VALUE AND DIMENSION PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 - When the radius is specified with incremental command The current position is used as the origin of the polar coordinate system. Command position Command position Angle Radius Angle Radius Actual position Actual position When the angle is s
  • Page 241B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 8.COORDINATE VALUE AND DIMENSION - Specifying angles with incremental commands and a radius with absolute commands N1 G17 G90 G16; Specifying the polar coordinate command and selecting the XY plane Setting the zero point of the workpiece coordinate system as the origin of th
  • Page 2428.COORDINATE VALUE AND DIMENSION PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 8.3 INCH/METRIC CONVERSION (G20,G21) Either inch or metric input can be selected by G code. Format G20 ; Inch input G21 ; mm input This G code must be specified in an independent block before setting the coordinate system at the beginning of
  • Page 243B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 8.COORDINATE VALUE AND DIMENSION 8.4 DECIMAL POINT INPUT/POCKET CALCULATOR TYPE DECIMAL POINT INPUT Numerals can be input with decimal points. Decimal points can be used basically in numerals with units of distance, speed, and angle. Following addresses can be commanded. X,
  • Page 2448.COORDINATE VALUE AND DIMENSION PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 NOTE 1 A value is rounded off to the number of decimal places of the least input increment. Example X1.23456: When the least input increment is 0.001 mm, the value is set to X1.235. When the least input increment is 0.0001 inch, the value is
  • Page 245B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 8.COORDINATE VALUE AND DIMENSION 8.5 DIAMETER AND RADIUS PROGRAMMING Since the section of a workpiece to be machined in a lathe is usually circular, the sectional dimensions can be programmed with diameters or radiuses in an NC unit. X-axis A B R2 D1 D2 R1 Z-axis D1 , D2 : D
  • Page 2468.COORDINATE VALUE AND DIMENSION PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 8.6 PROGRAMMABLE SWITCHING OF DIAMETER/RADIUS SPECIFICATION Assume that diameter or radius specification has been selected for each controlled axis by using bit 3 (DIA) of parameter No. 1006. This function allows the use of a G code to switch
  • Page 247B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 8.COORDINATE VALUE AND DIMENSION Example Program O0010 N01 T1001 N02 G10.9 X1 Z0 N03 S200 N04 M03 N05 G00 G90 X240. Z180. N06 X60. Z170. N07 G01 Z90. N08 X90. Z70. N09 G00 X240. N10 Z180. N11 M05 N12 T2002 N13 G10.9 X0 Z0 N14 G00 G90 X120. Z175. N15 X15. N16 G01 Z120. N17 G0
  • Page 2489.SPINDLE SPEED FUNCTION (S FUNCTION) PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 9 SPINDLE SPEED FUNCTION (S FUNCTION) The spindle speed can be controlled by specifying a value following address S. 9.1 SPECIFYING THE SPINDLE SPEED WITH A CODE 9.2 CONSTANT SURFACE SPEED CONTROL (G96, G97) 9.3 SPINDLE POSITIONING FUNCT
  • Page 249B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 9.SPINDLE SPEED FUNCTION (S FUNCTION) 9.1 SPECIFYING THE SPINDLE SPEED WITH A CODE When a value is specified after address S, the code signal and strobe signal are sent to the machine to control the spindle rotation speed. A block can contain only one S code. Refer to the ap
  • Page 2509.SPINDLE SPEED FUNCTION (S FUNCTION) PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 9.2 CONSTANT SURFACE SPEED CONTROL (G96, G97) Specify the surface speed (relative speed between the tool and workpiece) following S. The spindle is rotated so that the surface speed is constant regardless of the position of the tool. For
  • Page 251B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 9.SPINDLE SPEED FUNCTION (S FUNCTION) spindle speed (min-1) The spindle speed (min-1) almost coincides with the surface speed (m/min) at approx. im/min j‚Ì ”’l‚ªˆê’v 160 mm (radius). Surface speed S is 600 m/min. radius (mm) Fig.9.2 (a) Relation between workpiece radius, spi
  • Page 2529.SPINDLE SPEED FUNCTION (S FUNCTION) PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 - Setting the workpiece coordinate system for constant surface speed control To execute the constant surface speed control, it is necessary to set the work coordinate system , and so the coordinate value at the center of the rotary axis,
  • Page 253B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 9.SPINDLE SPEED FUNCTION (S FUNCTION) - Position coder-less feed per revolution and constant surface speed control These functions are enabled when bit 6 (FPR) of parameter No. 2405 is set to 1. On a machine on which no position coder is installed, feed per revolution is ena
  • Page 2549.SPINDLE SPEED FUNCTION (S FUNCTION) PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 Limitation - Constant surface speed control for threading The constant surface speed control is also effective during threading. If face threading or taper threading is performed in G96 mode, however, the spindle speed changes, and tool
  • Page 255B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 9.SPINDLE SPEED FUNCTION (S FUNCTION) 9.3 SPINDLE POSITIONING FUNCTION Turning is described as follows: The spindle connected to the spindle motor is rotated at a certain speed. As a result, the workpiece fixed to the spindle is rotated, and turning is performed. The spindle
  • Page 2569.SPINDLE SPEED FUNCTION (S FUNCTION) PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 Spindle control Error Spindle Spindle motor counter amplifier Gear ratio n:m Position Gear ratio n:m Spindle coder Fig.9.3 spindle control system - Least command increment(detection unit) The table below indicates the least command incre
  • Page 257B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 9.SPINDLE SPEED FUNCTION (S FUNCTION) 9.3.1 Spindle Positioning Explanation There are two programming methods: indexing at an arbitrary angle, and indexing at a semi-fixed angle. - Indexing at a semi-fixed angle with an M code This is specified with a two-digit numeric value
  • Page 2589.SPINDLE SPEED FUNCTION (S FUNCTION) PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 9.3.2 Orientation Orientation must be performed before: - the spindle is positioned (indexed) for the first time after the spindle is used in normal machining. - the positioning of the spindle is suspended. Explanations Orientation can b
  • Page 259B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 9.SPINDLE SPEED FUNCTION (S FUNCTION) 9.3.3 Canceling the Spindle Positioning Mode Explanation The mode can be switched from spindle positioning mode to spindle rotation mode (with positioning cancelled) by specifying the M code set in parameter No. 5681. Positioning mode is
  • Page 2609.SPINDLE SPEED FUNCTION (S FUNCTION) PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 NOTE 11 The spindle positioning function is enabled only when the number of position coder pulses is 4096, and the gear ratio between the spindle and position coder is as follows: 1 :2 n n : Integer greater than 0 12 For a spindle positi
  • Page 261B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 9.SPINDLE SPEED FUNCTION (S FUNCTION) 9.4 SPINDLE SPEED FLUCTUATION DETECTION (G26, G25) General If the actual spindle speed becomes lower or higher than that specified because of the condition of the machine, an overheat alarm (SP0242) is issued, and spindle speed fluctuati
  • Page 2629.SPINDLE SPEED FUNCTION (S FUNCTION) PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 Command address Parameter number Q 5701 R 5702 I 5721 P 5722 If any of the P, Q, R, and I command addresses is omitted, spindle speed fluctuation detection is performed with the value set in the corresponding parameter (No. 5071, 5702, 5
  • Page 263B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 9.SPINDLE SPEED FUNCTION (S FUNCTION) NOTE Even when the conditions for issuing an alarm related to spindle speed fluctuation detection have not been satisfied in spindle speed detection enabled mode (G26), a spindle speed fluctuation detection overheat alarm is issued if: -
  • Page 2649.SPINDLE SPEED FUNCTION (S FUNCTION) PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 2) Analog spindle GS4s GS2s GS1s Maximum spindle speed parameter 0 0 0 No.5621 0 0 1 No.5622 0 1 0 No.5623 0 1 1 No.5624 1 0 0 No.5625 1 0 1 No.5626 1 1 0 No.5627 1 1 1 No.5628 - Actual spindle speed The actual spindle speed is calculate
  • Page 265B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 9.SPINDLE SPEED FUNCTION (S FUNCTION) - Examples of alarms issued for spindle speed fluctuation detection 1) Example where an alarm is issued after the specified spindle speed is reached Actual spindle speed r i q Specified spindle speed No check is A check made. is made. A
  • Page 2669.SPINDLE SPEED FUNCTION (S FUNCTION) PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 - System with more than one spindle In a system with more than one spindle, spindle speed fluctuation detection is performed for the spindle described below. 1) If the system has no spindle control switching function Spindle speed fluctu
  • Page 267B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 10.TOOL FUNCTION (T FUNCTION) 10 TOOL FUNCTION (T FUNCTION) Two tool functions are available. One is the tool selection function, and the other is the tool life management function. - 243 -
  • Page 26810.TOOL FUNCTION (T FUNCTION) PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 10.1 TOOL SELECTION FUNCTION By specifying an up to 10-digit numerical value following address T, tools can be selected on the machine. One T code can be commanded in a block. Refer to the machine tool builder's manual for the number of digits c
  • Page 269B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 10.TOOL FUNCTION (T FUNCTION) 10.2 TOOL LIFE MANAGEMENT FUNCTION Tools are classified into various groups, with the tool life (time or frequency of use) for each group being specified. The function of accumulating the tool life of each group in use and selecting and using th
  • Page 27010.TOOL FUNCTION (T FUNCTION) PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 10.2.1 Tool Life Management Data Tool life management data consists of tool group numbers, tool numbers, codes specifying tool compensation values, and tool life value. Explanations - Tool group number The Max. number of groups and the number of
  • Page 271B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 10.TOOL FUNCTION (T FUNCTION) 10.2.2 Register, Change and Delete of Tool Life Management Data In a program, tool life management data can be registered in the CNC unit, and registered tool life management data can be changed or deleted. Explanations A different program forma
  • Page 27210.TOOL FUNCTION (T FUNCTION) PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 - Addition and change of tool life management data Format Meaning of command G10L3P1; G10L3P1: Addition and change of group P-L-; P-: Group number T-H-D-; L-: Life value T-H-D-; T-: Tool number : H-: Code specifying tool offset value (H code) P-
  • Page 273B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 10.TOOL FUNCTION (T FUNCTION) Life values A life value can be registered as either a time or frequency, by using bit 3 (LTM) of parameter No. 7400 or setting the corresponding count type (with the Q command). The maximum values are as follows: Table 10.2.2 (a) Life Count Typ
  • Page 27410.TOOL FUNCTION (T FUNCTION) PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 10.2.3 Tool Life Management Command in a Machining Program Explanations - Command The following command is used for tool life management: Txxxxxxxx ; Specifies a tool group number. The tool life management function selects, from a specified grou
  • Page 275B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 10.TOOL FUNCTION (T FUNCTION) - Types For tool life management, the four tool change types (types A to D) indicated below are available. The type used varies from one machine to another. For details, refer to the appropriate manual of each machine tool builder. Table 10.2.3
  • Page 27610.TOOL FUNCTION (T FUNCTION) PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 Example - Tool change method A A tool group command (T code) specified in a block containing the tool change command (M06) functions as a command for returning the tool to the magazine. By specifying a tool group number with a T code, the number
  • Page 277B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 10.TOOL FUNCTION (T FUNCTION) - Tool change methods B and C A tool group command (T code) specified in a block containing the tool change command (M06) functions as a tool group number command that performs life counting with the next tool change command. Example: Assume tha
  • Page 27810.TOOL FUNCTION (T FUNCTION) PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 - Tool change method D The life of the tool selected with a tool group command (T code) is counted with the tool change command (M06) specified in the same block. If the T command is not specified in the same block as M06, the T command is treat
  • Page 279B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 10.TOOL FUNCTION (T FUNCTION) 10.2.4 Tool Service Life Count and Tool Selection A count-based or time-based tool service life count system is selected using bit 3 (LTM) of parameter No. 7400. Service life counting is performed group by group. Service life count data is not l
  • Page 28010.TOOL FUNCTION (T FUNCTION) PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 - Time specification (LTM = 1) Once all the registered tool life management data has been deleted, programmed tool life management data is registered. When a tool group command (T code) is specified, a tool whose service life has not expired is
  • Page 281B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 10.TOOL FUNCTION (T FUNCTION) 10.2.5 Tool Life Count Restart M Code Explanations When the life count type is frequency, a tool-change signal is output if at least one tool group has expired when the tool life count restart M code is specified. After the tool life count resta
  • Page 28211.AUXILIARY FUNCTION PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 11 General AUXILIARY FUNCTION There are two types of auxiliary functions ; miscellaneous function (M code) for specifying spindle start, spindle stop program end, and so on, and secondary auxiliary function (B code) for specifying index table positionin
  • Page 283B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 11.AUXILIARY FUNCTION 11.1 AUXILIARY FUNCTION (M FUNCTION) When a numeral is specified following address M, code signal and a strobe signal are sent to the machine. The machine uses these signals to turn on or off its functions. Usually, only one M code can be specified in o
  • Page 28411.AUXILIARY FUNCTION PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 NOTE The block following M00, M01, M02, or M30 is not pre-read (buffered). Similarly, eight M codes which do not buffer can be set by parameters (Nos. 2411 to 2418). Refer to the machine tool builder's instruction manual for these M codes. - 260 -
  • Page 285B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 11.AUXILIARY FUNCTION 11.2 MULTIPLE M COMMANDS IN A SINGLE BLOCK In general, only one M code can be specified in a block. However, up to five M codes can be specified at once in a block. Up to five M codes specified in a block are simultaneously output to the machine. This m
  • Page 28611.AUXILIARY FUNCTION PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 11.3 SECOND AUXILIARY FUNCTIONS When a numeric value is specified after address B, the code signal and strobe signal are output. This code is held until the next B code is output. A B code is used, for example, for rotation axis indexing on the machine.
  • Page 287B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 12.PROGRAM CONFIGURATION 12 General PROGRAM CONFIGURATION - Main program and subprogram There are two program types, main program and subprogram. Normally, the CNC operates according to the main program. However, when a command calling a subprogram is encountered in the main
  • Page 28812.PROGRAM CONFIGURATION PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 - Program components A program consists of the following components: Table12 Program components Components Descriptions File start Symbol indicating the start of a program file Leader section Used for the title of a program file, etc. Program start S
  • Page 289B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 12.PROGRAM CONFIGURATION 12.1 PROGRAM SECTION CONFIGURATION This section describes elements of a program section. See II-12.4 for program components other than program sections. Program number % TITLE ; O0001 ; N1 ... ; Sequence number Program section (COMMENT) M30 ; % Progr
  • Page 29012.PROGRAM CONFIGURATION PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 At the head of a block, a sequence number consisting of address N followed by a number not longer than eight digits (1 to 99999999) can be placed. Sequence numbers can be specified in a random order, and any numbers can be skipped. Sequence numbers m
  • Page 291B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 12.PROGRAM CONFIGURATION Function Address Meaning X,Y,Z,U,V,W,A,B,C Coordinate axis move command Dimension word I,J,K Coordinate of the arc center R Arc radius Rate of feed per minute, Feed function F Rate of feed per revolution Spindle speed S Spindle speed function Tool fu
  • Page 29212.PROGRAM CONFIGURATION PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 Table12.1 (c) Major addresses and ranges of command values Function Address Input in mm Input in inch *1 Program number O 1 to 99999999 1 to 99999999 Sequence number N 1 to 99999999 1 to 99999999 Preparatory function G 0 to 99.9 0 to 99.9 *3 ±999999.
  • Page 293B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 12.PROGRAM CONFIGURATION *3 When a millimeter machine is used with inch input, the maximum specifiable range of a dimension word is as follows: Increment system The maximum specifiable range IS-A ±39370.078inch IS-B ±39370.0787inch IS-C ±3937.00787inch IS-D ±393.700787inch I
  • Page 29412.PROGRAM CONFIGURATION PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 CAUTION 1 Position of a slash A slash (/) must be specified at the head of a block. If a slash is placed elsewhere, the information from the slash to immediately before the EOB code is ignored. 2 Disabling an optional block skip switch Optional block
  • Page 295B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 12.PROGRAM CONFIGURATION 12.2 SUBPROGRAM (M98, M99) If a program contains a fixed sequence or frequently repeated pattern, such a sequence or pattern can be stored as a subprogram in memory to simplify the program. A subprogram can be called from the main program. A called s
  • Page 29612.PROGRAM CONFIGURATION PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 A single call command can repeatedly call a subprogram up to 9999 times. For compatibility with automatic programming systems, in the first block, Nxxxx can be used instead of a subprogram number that follows O (or :). A sequence number after N is re
  • Page 297B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 12.PROGRAM CONFIGURATION Special Usage - Specifying the sequence number for the return destination in the main program If P is used to specify a sequence number when a subprogram is terminated, control does not return to the block after the calling block, but returns to the
  • Page 29812.PROGRAM CONFIGURATION PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 - Using a subprogram only A subprogram can be executed just like a main program by searching for the start of the subprogram with the MDI. (See Operation II-10.3- for information about search operation.) In this case, if a block containing M99 is exe
  • Page 299B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 12.PROGRAM CONFIGURATION 12.3 PROGRAM NUMBER The 8-digit program number function enables specification of program numbers with eight digits following address O (1 to 99999999). Explanation - Disabling editing of programs Editing of subprograms O00008000 to O00008999 and O000
  • Page 30012.PROGRAM CONFIGURATION PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 12.4 PROGRAM COMPONENTS OTHER THAN PROGRAM SECTIONS This section describes program components other than program sections. See Operation II-12.1 for a program section. Leader File start % TITLE ; Program start O0001 ; Program section (COMMENT) Commen
  • Page 301B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 12.PROGRAM CONFIGURATION - Program start The program start code is to be entered immediately after a leader section, that is, immediately before a program section. This code indicates the start of a program, and is always required to disable the label skip function. With SYS
  • Page 30212.PROGRAM CONFIGURATION PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 CAUTION If a long comment section appears in the middle of a program section, a move along an axis may be suspended for a long time because of such a comment section. So a comment section should be placed where movement suspension may occur or no mov
  • Page 303B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 12.PROGRAM CONFIGURATION 12.5 EXTERNAL DEVICE SUBPROGRAM CALL (M198) During memory operation, subprograms registered in an external device (such as Handy File, data server, and so forth) connected to the CNC can be called and executed. Format M198 P[program-number (or file-n
  • Page 30412.PROGRAM CONFIGURATION PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 NOTE 3 External device subprograms can be called only during memory operation. If an attempt is made to call an external device subprogram in other than memory mode, an alarm (PS0081) is output. 4 An additional external device cannot be called from a
  • Page 305B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 13.FUNCTIONS TO SIMPLIFY PROGRAMMING 13 FUNCTIONS TO SIMPLIFY PROGRAMMING This chapter explains the following items: 13.1 CANNED CYCLE 13.2 RIGID TAPPING 13.3 EXTERNAL MOTION FUNCTION 13.4 OPTIONAL ANGLE CHAMFERING AND CORNER ROUNDING 13.5 PROGRAMMABLE MIRROR IMAGE(G50.1,G51
  • Page 30613.FUNCTIONS TO SIMPLIFY PROGRAMMING PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 13.1 CANNED CYCLE Canned cycles make it easier for the programmer to create programs. With a canned cycle, a frequently-used machining operation can be specified in a single block with a G function; without canned cycles, normally more th
  • Page 307B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 13.FUNCTIONS TO SIMPLIFY PROGRAMMING Explanation A canned cycle consists of a sequence of six operations (Fig. 13.1 (a)) Operation 1 ..... Positioning of axes X and Y (including also another axis) Operation 2 ..... Rapid traverse up to point R level Operation 3 ..... Hole ma
  • Page 30813.FUNCTIONS TO SIMPLIFY PROGRAMMING PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 - Drilling axis Although canned cycles include tapping and boring cycles as well as drilling cycles, in this chapter, only the term drilling will be used to refer to operations implemented with canned cycles. The drilling axis is a basic
  • Page 309B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 13.FUNCTIONS TO SIMPLIFY PROGRAMMING - Travel distance along the drilling axis G90/G91 The travel distance along the drilling axis varies for G90 and G91 as follows: G90 (Absolute Command) G91 (Incremental Command) R Point R R Point R Z=0 Z Point Z Point Z Z Fig. 13.1 (b) Ab
  • Page 31013.FUNCTIONS TO SIMPLIFY PROGRAMMING PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 - Return point level G98/G99 When the tool reaches the bottom of a hole, the tool may be returned to point R or to the initial level. These operations are specified with G98 and G99. The following illustrates how the tool moves when G98 o
  • Page 311B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 13.FUNCTIONS TO SIMPLIFY PROGRAMMING - Symbols in figures Subsequent sections explain the individual canned cycles. Figures in these explanations use the following symbols: Positioning (rapid traverse G00) Cutting feed (linear interpolation G01) Manual feed OSS Oriented spin
  • Page 31213.FUNCTIONS TO SIMPLIFY PROGRAMMING PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 13.1.1 High-speed Peck Drilling Cycle (G73) This cycle performs high-speed peck drilling. It performs intermittent cutting feed to the bottom of a hole while removing chips from the hole. Format G73 X_ Y_ Z_ R_ Q_ F_ L_ ; X_ Y_ : Hole pos
  • Page 313B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 13.FUNCTIONS TO SIMPLIFY PROGRAMMING - Miscellaneous function When the G73 code and an M code are specified in the same block, the M code is executed at the time of the first positioning operation. When L is used to specify the number of repeats, the M code is executed for t
  • Page 31413.FUNCTIONS TO SIMPLIFY PROGRAMMING PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 13.1.2 Left-handed Tapping Cycle (G74) This cycle performs left-handed tapping. In the left-handed tapping cycle, when the bottom of the hole has been reached, the spindle rotates clockwise. Format G74 X_ Y_ Z_ R_ P_ F_ L_ ; X_Y_ : Hole p
  • Page 315B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 13.FUNCTIONS TO SIMPLIFY PROGRAMMING - Spindle rotation Before G74 is specified, turn the spindle in the reverse direction with a miscellaneous function (M code). When successive hole machining operations which involve a short distance from a hole position and the initial le
  • Page 31613.FUNCTIONS TO SIMPLIFY PROGRAMMING PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 Example M4 S100 ; Cause the spindle to start rotating. G90 G99 G74 X300. Y-250. Z-150. R -120. F120. ; Position, tapping hole 1, then return to point R. Y-550. ; Position, tapping hole 2, then return to point R. Y-750. ; Position, tapping
  • Page 317B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 13.FUNCTIONS TO SIMPLIFY PROGRAMMING 13.1.3 Fine Boring Cycle (G76) The fine boring cycle bores a hole precisely. When the bottom of the hole has been reached, the spindle stops, and the tool is moved away from the machined surface of the workpiece and retracted. Format G76
  • Page 31813.FUNCTIONS TO SIMPLIFY PROGRAMMING PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 - Miscellaneous function When the G76 command and an M code are specified in the same block, the M code is executed at the time of the first positioning operation. When L is used to specify the number of repeats, the M code is executed fo
  • Page 319B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 13.FUNCTIONS TO SIMPLIFY PROGRAMMING Limitation - Axis switching Before the drilling axis can be changed, the canned cycle must be canceled. - Drilling In a block that does not contain X, Y, Z, R, or any additional axes, drilling is not performed. - I,J,KQ,P Specify I, J, K,
  • Page 32013.FUNCTIONS TO SIMPLIFY PROGRAMMING PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 13.1.4 Drilling Cycle, Spot Drilling (G81) This cycle is used for normal drilling. Cutting feed is performed to the bottom of the hole. The tool is then retracted from the bottom of the hole in rapid traverse. Format G81 X_ Y_ Z_ R_ F_ L_
  • Page 321B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 13.FUNCTIONS TO SIMPLIFY PROGRAMMING - Tool length compensation When a tool length offset (G43, G44, or G49) is specified in the canned cycle, the offset is applied at the time of positioning to point R. Restriction - Axis switching Before the drilling axis can be changed, t
  • Page 32213.FUNCTIONS TO SIMPLIFY PROGRAMMING PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 13.1.5 Drilling Cycle Counter Boring Cycle (G82) This cycle is used for normal drilling. Cutting feed is performed to the bottom of the hole. At the bottom, a dwell is performed, then the tool is retracted in rapid traverse. This cycle is
  • Page 323B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 13.FUNCTIONS TO SIMPLIFY PROGRAMMING - Tool length compensation When a tool length offset (G43, G44, or G49) is specified in the canned cycle, the offset is applied at the time of positioning to point R. Restriction - Axis switching Before the drilling axis can be changed, t
  • Page 32413.FUNCTIONS TO SIMPLIFY PROGRAMMING PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 13.1.6 Peck Drilling Cycle (G83) This cycle performs peck drilling. It performs intermittent cutting feed to the bottom of a hole while removing shavings from the hole. Format G83 X_ Y_ Z_ R_ Q_ F_ L_ ; X_ Y_ : Hole position data Z_ : The
  • Page 325B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 13.FUNCTIONS TO SIMPLIFY PROGRAMMING - Tool length compensation When a tool length offset (G43, G44, or G49) is specified in the canned cycle, the offset is applied at the time of positioning to point R. Limitation - Axis switching Before the drilling axis can be changed, th
  • Page 32613.FUNCTIONS TO SIMPLIFY PROGRAMMING PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 13.1.7 Tapping Cycle (G84) This cycle performs tapping. In this tapping cycle, when the bottom of the hole has been reached, the spindle is rotated in the reverse direction. Format G84 X_ Y_ Z_ R_ P_ F_ L_ ; X_ Y_ : Hole position data Z_
  • Page 327B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 13.FUNCTIONS TO SIMPLIFY PROGRAMMING - Spindle rotation Before G84 is specified, turn the spindle in the reverse direction with a miscellaneous function (M code). When successive hole machining operations which involve a short distance from a hole position and the initial le
  • Page 32813.FUNCTIONS TO SIMPLIFY PROGRAMMING PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 Example M3 S100 ; Cause the spindle to start rotating. G90 G99 G84 X300. Y-250. Z-150. R-120. P300 F120. ; Position, drill hole 1, then return to point R. Y-550. ; Position, drill hole 2, then return to point R. Y-750. ; Position, drill h
  • Page 329B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 13.FUNCTIONS TO SIMPLIFY PROGRAMMING 13.1.8 Boring Cycle (G85) This cycle is used to bore a hole. Format G85 X_ Y_ Z_ R_ F_ L_ ; X_ Y_ : Hole position data Z_ : The distance from point R to the bottom of the hole R_ : The distance from the initial level to point R level F_ :
  • Page 33013.FUNCTIONS TO SIMPLIFY PROGRAMMING PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 - Tool length compensation When a tool length offset (G43, G44, or G49) is specified in the canned cycle, the offset is applied at the time of positioning to point R. Limitation - Axis switching Before the drilling axis can be changed, th
  • Page 331B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 13.FUNCTIONS TO SIMPLIFY PROGRAMMING 13.1.9 Boring Cycle (G86) This cycle is used to bore a hole. Format G86 X_ Y_ Z_ R_ F_ L_ ; X_ Y_ : Hole position data Z_ : The distance from point R to the bottom of the hole R_ : The distance from the initial level to point R level F_ :
  • Page 33213.FUNCTIONS TO SIMPLIFY PROGRAMMING PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 - Miscellaneous function When the G86 command and an M code are specified in the same block, the M code is executed at the time of the first positioning operation. When L is used to specify the number of repeats, the M code is executed fo
  • Page 333B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 13.FUNCTIONS TO SIMPLIFY PROGRAMMING 13.1.10 Boring Cycle/Back Boring Cycle (G87) This cycle performs accurate boring. Format - Canned cycle I (boring cycle) G87 X_ Y_ Z_ R_ F_ L_ ; X_ Y_ : Hole position data Z_ : The distance from point R to the bottom of the hole R_ : The
  • Page 33413.FUNCTIONS TO SIMPLIFY PROGRAMMING PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 - Canned cycle II (back boring cycle) G87 X_ Y_ Z_ R_ I_ J_ P_ F_ L_ ; (when the parameter SIJ(No.6200#2) is 1) or G87 X_ Y_ Z_ R_ Q_ P_ F_ L_ ; (when the parameter SIJ(No.6200#2) is 0) X_ Y_ : Hole position data Z_ : The distance from th
  • Page 335B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 13.FUNCTIONS TO SIMPLIFY PROGRAMMING At point Z, the spindle is stopped at the fixed rotation position again, the tool is shifted in the direction opposite to the tool tip, then the tool is returned to the initial level. The tool is then shifted in the direction of the tool
  • Page 33613.FUNCTIONS TO SIMPLIFY PROGRAMMING PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 G18 (ZpXp plane): To be specified by K and I G19 (YpZp plane): To be specified by J and K When the XY plane is selected, for example, a shift is made along the X-axis and Y-axis by linear interpolation for an incremental amount specified
  • Page 337B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 13.FUNCTIONS TO SIMPLIFY PROGRAMMING Example M3 S500 ; Cause the spindle to start rotating. G90 G87 X300. Y-250. Position, bore hole 1. Z-150. R-120. Q5. Orient at the initial level, then shift by 5 mm. P1000 F120. ; Stop at point Z for 1 s. Y-550. ; Position, drill hole 2.
  • Page 33813.FUNCTIONS TO SIMPLIFY PROGRAMMING PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 13.1.11 Boring Cycle (G88) This cycle is used to bore a hole. Format G88 X_ Y_ Z_ R_ P_ F_ L_ ; X_ Y_ : Hole position data Z_ : The distance from point R to the bottom of the hole R_ : The distance from the initial level to point R level
  • Page 339B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 13.FUNCTIONS TO SIMPLIFY PROGRAMMING - Miscellaneous function When the G88 command and an M code are specified in the same block, the M code is executed at the time of the first positioning operation. When L is used to specify the number of repeats, the M code is executed fo
  • Page 34013.FUNCTIONS TO SIMPLIFY PROGRAMMING PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 13.1.12 Boring Cycle (G89) This cycle is used to bore a hole. Format G89 X_ Y_ Z_ R_ P_ F_ L_ ; X_ Y_: Hole position data Z_ : The distance from point R to the bottom of the hole R_ : The distance from the initial level to point R level P
  • Page 341B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 13.FUNCTIONS TO SIMPLIFY PROGRAMMING Limitation - Axis switching Before the drilling axis can be changed, the canned cycle must be canceled. - Drilling In a block that does not contain X, Y, Z, R, or any other axes, drilling is not performed. -P Specify P in blocks that perf
  • Page 34213.FUNCTIONS TO SIMPLIFY PROGRAMMING PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 13.1.13 Canned Cycle Cancel (G80) G80 cancels canned cycles. Format G80 ; Explanation All canned cycles are canceled to perform normal operation. This means that R = 0 and Z = 0 in incremental mode. Other drilling data is also canceled (c
  • Page 343B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 13.FUNCTIONS TO SIMPLIFY PROGRAMMING 13.1.14 Example of Canned Cycle Offset value +200.0 is set in offset No.11, +190.0 is set in offset No.15, and +150.0 is set in offset No.31 N001G92X0Y0Z0; Coordinate setting at reference position N002G90G00Z250.0T11M6; Tool change N003G4
  • Page 34413.FUNCTIONS TO SIMPLIFY PROGRAMMING PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 Program example using tool length offset and canned cycles Reference position 350 #1 #11 #6 100 #7 200 #10 100 #2 #12 #5 100 #8 #9 Y 200 100 #3 #13 #4 X 400 150 250 250 150 # 1 to 6 Drilling of a 10mm diameter hole # 7 to 10 Drilling of a
  • Page 345B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 13.FUNCTIONS TO SIMPLIFY PROGRAMMING 13.2 RIGID TAPPING In tapping, an amount of travel per spindle revolution along the Z-axis must match the screw pitch of the tapper. This means that the optimum tapping must satisfy the following condition: P = F/S, where P: Tapper screw
  • Page 34613.FUNCTIONS TO SIMPLIFY PROGRAMMING PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 13.2.1 Rigid Tapping (G84.2) When the spindle motor is controlled as if it were a servo motor, a tapping cycle can be sped up. The only difference from the reverse rigid tapping cycle (G84.3) is the spindle rotation direction in tapping.
  • Page 347B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 13.FUNCTIONS TO SIMPLIFY PROGRAMMING - Thread lead In feed-per-minute mode, the thread lead is obtained from the expression, feedrate y spindle speed. In feed-per-revolution mode, the thread lead equals the feedrate speed. - Tool length compensation If a tool length compensa
  • Page 34813.FUNCTIONS TO SIMPLIFY PROGRAMMING PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 - Feedrate command As indicated in the table below, the function of an F command with a decimal point depends on the setting of bit 3 (RFA) of parameter No. 6201 and bit 7 (RFE) of parameter No. 6201. Table 13.2.1 (b) Feedrate Command Exa
  • Page 349B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 13.FUNCTIONS TO SIMPLIFY PROGRAMMING 13.2.2 Left-handed Rigid Tapping Cycle (G84.3) When the spindle motor is controlled as if it were a servo motor, tapping cycles can be sped up. The only difference from the rigid tapping cycle (G84.2) is the spindle rotation direction dur
  • Page 35013.FUNCTIONS TO SIMPLIFY PROGRAMMING PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 - Tool length compensation If a tool length offset (G43, G44, or G49) is specified in the canned cycle, the offset is applied at the time of positioning to point R. Limitation - Axis switching Before the drilling axis can be changed, the
  • Page 351B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 13.FUNCTIONS TO SIMPLIFY PROGRAMMING CAUTION For inch inputs, an F command with no decimal point is assumed to have a decimal point in between its second and third places as counted from the lowest place. Note that the settings of RFA = 0 and RFE = 0 can produce the followin
  • Page 35213.FUNCTIONS TO SIMPLIFY PROGRAMMING PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 13.2.3 Rigid tapping Orientation Function Before performing rigid tapping, the spindle can be oriented. Format G84.2 (or G84.3) X_Y_Z_R_P_F_L_I_ ; X_ Y_: Hole position data Z_ : Distance from point R to a hole bottom, and hole position R_
  • Page 353B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 13.FUNCTIONS TO SIMPLIFY PROGRAMMING - Orientation operation and speed 1. For an analog spindle When orientation is specified, movement starts at the rapid traverse rate set in parameter No. 5977. Then, upon the detection of the one-rotation signal from the position coder, t
  • Page 35413.FUNCTIONS TO SIMPLIFY PROGRAMMING PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 13.2.4 Peck Rigid Tapping Cycle (G84 or G74) Tapping a deep hole in rigid tapping mode may be difficult due to chips sticking to the tool or increased cutting resistance. In such cases, the peck rigid tapping cycle is useful. So, the peck
  • Page 355B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 13.FUNCTIONS TO SIMPLIFY PROGRAMMING - Retraction feedrate To the feedrate used for each retraction operation, an override value from 1% to 200% can be applied by using parameter No. 5883. During rigid tapping, the retraction feedrate override function is enabled even in ret
  • Page 35613.FUNCTIONS TO SIMPLIFY PROGRAMMING PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 13.2.5 Three-dimensional rigid tapping When the machine is provided with axes for swiveling the tool, this function allows rigid tapping in the direction in which the tool is pointing after the tool is swiveled about the specified axes. T
  • Page 357B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 13.FUNCTIONS TO SIMPLIFY PROGRAMMING Z Z’ B A Y Y’ X X’ Y’ #4 #3 #1 #2 X’ Fig. 13.2.5 Three-dimensional rigid tapping - 333 -
  • Page 35813.FUNCTIONS TO SIMPLIFY PROGRAMMING PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 13.3 EXTERNAL MOTION FUNCTION (G81) Upon completion of positioning in each block in the program, an external operation function signal can be output to allow the machine to perform specific operation. Concerning this operation, refer to t
  • Page 359B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 13.FUNCTIONS TO SIMPLIFY PROGRAMMING 13.4 OPTIONAL ANGLE CHAMFERING AND CORNER ROUNDING Chamfering and corner rounding blocks can be inserted automatically between the following: - Between linear interpolation and linear interpolation blocks - Between linear interpolation an
  • Page 36013.FUNCTIONS TO SIMPLIFY PROGRAMMING PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 - Corner R After R, specify the radius for corner rounding. (1) G91 G01 X100.0 ,R10.0 ; (2) X100.0 Y100.0 ; Center of a circle with radius R R Radius R block to be inserted Fig.13.4 (b) Corner R Limitation - Next block A block specifying
  • Page 361B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 13.FUNCTIONS TO SIMPLIFY PROGRAMMING - Coordinate system In a block that comes immediately after the coordinate system is changed (G92, or G52 to G59) or a return to the reference position (G28 to G30) is specified, neither chamfering nor corner rounding can be specified. -
  • Page 36213.FUNCTIONS TO SIMPLIFY PROGRAMMING PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 Example N001 G92 G90 X0 Y0 ; N002 G00 X10.0 Y10.0 ; N003 G01 X50.0 F10.0 ,C5.0 ; N004 Y25.0 ,R8.0 ; N005 G03 X80.0 Y50.0 R30.0 ,R8.0 ; N006 G01 X50.0 ,R8.0 ; N007 Y70.0 ,C5.0 ; N008 X10.0 ,C5.0 ; N009 Y10.0 ; N010 G00 X0 Y0 ; N011 M0 ; Y
  • Page 363B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 13.FUNCTIONS TO SIMPLIFY PROGRAMMING 13.5 PROGRAMMABLE MIRROR IMAGE (G50.1, G51.1) By a programmed command, the mirror image function can be used for each axis. Y Axis of symmetry (X=50) (2) (1) 100 60 50 Axis of symmetry (Y=50) 40 0 (3) (4) 0 40 50 60 100 X (1) Original ima
  • Page 36413.FUNCTIONS TO SIMPLIFY PROGRAMMING PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 Explanation - Mirror image by setting If the programmable mirror image function is specified when the command for producing a mirror image is also selected by a CNC external switch or CNC setting, the programmable mirror image function is
  • Page 365B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 13.FUNCTIONS TO SIMPLIFY PROGRAMMING - Three-dimensional cutter compensation / tool center point control In mirror operation, there must be no conflict between the linear axes and rotation axes. Second Y First quadrant quadrant X Third Fourth quadrant quadrant Example 1: XY
  • Page 36613.FUNCTIONS TO SIMPLIFY PROGRAMMING PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 - Three-dimensional coordinate conversion When three-dimensional coordinate conversion and programmable mirror image are used at the same time, programmable mirror image is applied to the coordinates in the program coordinate system, then
  • Page 367B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 13.FUNCTIONS TO SIMPLIFY PROGRAMMING Additional programmable mirror image functions • A programmable mirror image will not be cleared with a reset (if bit 0 of parameter No. 6401 is 1). • An alarm will be issued if a G code for three-dimensional coordinate conversion is spec
  • Page 36813.FUNCTIONS TO SIMPLIFY PROGRAMMING PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 13.6 INDEX TABLE INDEXING FUNCTION By specifying indexing positions (angles) for the indexing axis (one arbitrary axis), the index table of the machining center can be indexed. Before and after indexing, the index table is automatically u
  • Page 369B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 13.FUNCTIONS TO SIMPLIFY PROGRAMMING - Indexing direction If a value other than 0 is set in the M code for specifying negative direction rotation (parameter No.7632), movement in the negative direction is made only when a move command is specified together with the M code. I
  • Page 37013.FUNCTIONS TO SIMPLIFY PROGRAMMING PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 Item Explanation Operation during index table indexing Unless otherwise processed by the machine, feed hold, interlock, and axis movement emergency stop can be executed during index table indexing axis movement. Machine lock can be execut
  • Page 371B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 13.FUNCTIONS TO SIMPLIFY PROGRAMMING 13.7 FIGURE COPY (G72.1,G72.2) Machining can be repeated after moving or rotating the figure using a subprogram. Format - Rotational copy Xp-Yp plane (specified by G17) : G72.1 P_ L_ Xp_ Yp_ R_ ; Zp-Xp plane (specified by G18) : G72.1 P_
  • Page 37213.FUNCTIONS TO SIMPLIFY PROGRAMMING PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 - Linear copy Xp-Yp plane (specified by G17) : G72.2 P_ L_ I_ J_ ; Zp-Xp plane (specified by G18) : G72.2 P_ L_ K_ I_ ; Yp-Zp plane (specified by G19) : G72.2 P_ L_ J_ K_; P : Subprogram number L : Number of times the operation is repeate
  • Page 373B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 13.FUNCTIONS TO SIMPLIFY PROGRAMMING - Block end position The coordinates of a figure moved rotationally or linearly (block end position) can be read from #5001 and subsequent system variables of the custom macro of rotational or linear copy. - Disagreement between end point
  • Page 37413.FUNCTIONS TO SIMPLIFY PROGRAMMING PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 Limitation - Specifying two or more commands to copy a figure G72.1 cannot be specified more than once in a subprogram for making a rotational copy (If this is attempted, alarm PS0900 will occur). G72.2 cannot be specified more than once
  • Page 375B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 13.FUNCTIONS TO SIMPLIFY PROGRAMMING Example - Rotational copy Main program O1000 ; N10 G90 G00 X80. Y100. ; N20 Y50. ; (P0) N30 G01 G17 G42 X43.301 Y25. D01 F100 ; (P1) N40 G72.1 P1100 L3 X0 Y0 R120. ; N50 G90 G40 G01 X80. Y50. ; (P0) N60 G00 X80. Y100. ; N70 M30 ; Sub prog
  • Page 37613.FUNCTIONS TO SIMPLIFY PROGRAMMING PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 - Rotational copy (Spot boring) Main program O2000 ; N10 G90 G00 G17 X250. Y100. Z100. ; (P0) N20 G72.1 P2100 L6 X100. Y50. R60. ; N30 G80 G00 X250. Y100. ; (P0) N40 M30 ; Sub program O2100 N100 G90 G81 X100. Y150. R60. Z10. F200. ; (P1)
  • Page 377B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 13.FUNCTIONS TO SIMPLIFY PROGRAMMING - Linear copy Main program O3000 ; N10 G90 G00 X-30. Y0 ; N20 X0 ; N30 G01 G17 G41 X30. D01 F100 ; (P0) N40 Y20. ; (P1) N50 X40. ; (P2) N60 G72.2 P3100 L3 I90.0 J0 ; N70 G90 X310. Y0 ; (P8) N80 X0 ; N90 G40 G00 X-30.0 ; N100 M30 ; Sub pro
  • Page 37813.FUNCTIONS TO SIMPLIFY PROGRAMMING PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 - Combination of rotational copying and linear copying (Bolt hole circle) Main program O4000 ; N10 G90 G00 G17 X240. Y230. Z100. ; (P0) N20 G72.1 P4100 X120. Y120. L8 R45. ; N30 G80 G00 X240. Y230. ; (P0) N40 M30 ; Sub program (rotation c
  • Page 379B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 13.FUNCTIONS TO SIMPLIFY PROGRAMMING 13.8 NORMAL DIRECTION CONTROL (G40.1, G41.1, G42.1) When a tool with a rotation axis (C-axis) is moved in the XY plane during cutting, the normal direction control function can control the tool so that the C-axis is always perpendicular t
  • Page 38013.FUNCTIONS TO SIMPLIFY PROGRAMMING PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 Cutter center path Cutter center path Programmed path Center of the arc Programmed path Fig.13.8 (b) Normal direction control left (G41.1) Fig.13.8 (c) Normal direction control right (G42.1) Explanation - Angle of the C axis When viewed f
  • Page 381B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 13.FUNCTIONS TO SIMPLIFY PROGRAMMING for rotation of the tool and a command for movement along the X- and Y-axes. A single-block stop always occurs after the tool is moved along the X- and Y-axes. Cutter center path S N1 S : Single block stop point Programmed path N2 S N3 S
  • Page 38213.FUNCTIONS TO SIMPLIFY PROGRAMMING PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 - C axis feedrate Movement of the tool inserted at the beginning of each block is executed at the feedrate set in parameter 1472. If dry run mode is on at that time, the dry run feedrate is applied. If the tool is to be moved along the X-
  • Page 383B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 13.FUNCTIONS TO SIMPLIFY PROGRAMMING 13.9 THREE-DIMENSIONAL COORDINATE CONVERSION (G68,G69) Coordinate conversion about an axis can be carried out if the center of rotation, direction of the axis of rotation, and angular displacement are specified. This function is very usef
  • Page 38413.FUNCTIONS TO SIMPLIFY PROGRAMMING PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 NOTE 1 Use absolute programming for Xp, Yp, and Zp specified in G68. 2 When only one rotation is sufficient, the second G68 is not required. 3 If the second G68 does not specify Xp, Yp, or Zp, the center of the second rotation is the same
  • Page 385B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 13.FUNCTIONS TO SIMPLIFY PROGRAMMING Programmed values Xp, Yp, and Zp in N3 are regarded as being the coordinates in program coordinate system X", Y", and Z". Examble) G68 Xx0 Xy0 Zz0 10 JO K1 Rα G68 11 JO K0 Rβ Z' Z Z'' Y'' X,Y,Z : Workpiece coordinate β system Y' X’,Y’,Z’
  • Page 38613.FUNCTIONS TO SIMPLIFY PROGRAMMING PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 NOTE Even if bit 4 (D3R) of parameter No. 6400 is set to 1, G69 mode is assumed when program execution is restarted. - Custom macro system variable If the workpiece coordinates of the tool currently being used are read using custom macro
  • Page 387B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 13.FUNCTIONS TO SIMPLIFY PROGRAMMING Z Z' X Y Y X' X, Y ,Z : Coordinate system before conversion (workpiece coordinate system) X', Y' ,Z' : Coordinate system after conversion (program coordinate system) When manual movement is made along the Z-axis: (1) A movement is made in
  • Page 38813.FUNCTIONS TO SIMPLIFY PROGRAMMING PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 - Indication of remaining amounts of travel By setting bit 5 (D3D) of parameter No. 2208, the user can choose whether a remaining amount of travel in three-dimensional coordinate conversion mode is indicated in the program coordinate syst
  • Page 389B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 13.FUNCTIONS TO SIMPLIFY PROGRAMMING Limitation - Increment system NOTE The same increment system must be used for all of the three basic axes used for three-dimensional coordinate conversion. - Diameter and radius specification NOTE The same diameter and radius specificatio
  • Page 39013.FUNCTIONS TO SIMPLIFY PROGRAMMING PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 2) During three-dimensional coordinate conversion, specify absolute commands for axes subjected to three-dimensional coordinate conversion after these modes are turned off. Then, specify G69. (Example) G68 X100. Y100. Z100. I0. J0. K1. R4
  • Page 391B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 13.FUNCTIONS TO SIMPLIFY PROGRAMMING M1 and M2 are conversion matrices determined by an angular displacement and rotation axis. Generally, the matrices are expressed as shown below: é n1 2 + (1 − n1 2 ) cos θ n1 n 2 (1 − cos θ ) − n 3 sin θ n1 n 3 (1 − cos θ ) + n 2 sin θ ù
  • Page 39213.FUNCTIONS TO SIMPLIFY PROGRAMMING PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 Example N1 G90 X0 Y0 Z0 ; (1) N2 G68 X10. Y0 Z0 I0 J1 K0 R30. ; (2) N3 G68 X0 Y-10. Z0 I0 J0 K1 R-90. ; (3) N4 G90 X0 Y0 Z0 ; (4) N5 X10. Y10. Z0 ; (5) (1) Carries out positioning to zero point H. (2) Forms new coordinate system X'Y'Z'. (
  • Page 393B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 13.FUNCTIONS TO SIMPLIFY PROGRAMMING - Programmable mirror image When three-dimensional coordinate conversion and programmable mirror image are used at the same time, programmable mirror image is applied to coordinates in the program coordinate system, then three- dimensiona
  • Page 39413.FUNCTIONS TO SIMPLIFY PROGRAMMING PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 13.9.1 Three-dimensional Coordinate Conversion and Parallel Axis Control Overview If three-dimensional coordinate conversion is to be performed on a machine operating with parallel axis control, this function allows combinations of parall
  • Page 395B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 13.FUNCTIONS TO SIMPLIFY PROGRAMMING 13.10 TILTED WORKING PLANE COMMAND Overview Programming for creating holes and pockets in a surface tilted from the datum plane of a workpiece would be easy if commands can be issued in a coordinate system fixed to this surface (called a
  • Page 39613.FUNCTIONS TO SIMPLIFY PROGRAMMING PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 This function sets the direction normal to the cut surface as the +Z-axis direction of the feature coordinate system. Once G53.1 is issued, the tool is kept perpendicular to the cut surface. Only G68.2 is issued Z Zc Yc Xc Feature coordin
  • Page 397B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 13.FUNCTIONS TO SIMPLIFY PROGRAMMING This function is applicable to the following machine configurations. (See Fig.13.10(d).) <1> Tool rotation type machine controlled with two tool rotary axes <2> Table rotation type machine controlled with two table rotary axes <3> Mixed-t
  • Page 39813.FUNCTIONS TO SIMPLIFY PROGRAMMING PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 Format - Feature coordinate system setting Format G68.2 X x0 Y y0 Z z0 Iα α Jββ Kγγ ; Feature coordinate system setting G69 ; Cancels the feature coordinate system setting. Symbol description X, Y, Z : Feature coordinate system origin I,
  • Page 399B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 13.FUNCTIONS TO SIMPLIFY PROGRAMMING Coordinate conversion in which an Euler's angle is used Coordinate conversion by rotation is assumed to be performed around the workpiece coordinate system origin. Let the coordinate system obtained by rotating the workpiece coordinate sy
  • Page 40013.FUNCTIONS TO SIMPLIFY PROGRAMMING PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 Tool rotation type machine The following paragraphs describe several operations of a tool rotation type machine. - Operation description 1: If G43 (tool length compensation) is issued on a machine with axes crossing each other G53.1 issue
  • Page 401B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 13.FUNCTIONS TO SIMPLIFY PROGRAMMING Fig.13.10(f) shows the behavior of the machine when it is under control of sample program 1. Sample program 1 (with the axes crossing one another) N3 command Z Zc Yc Control point Xc Y Feature coordinate system Xc-Yc-Zc N4 command Workpie
  • Page 40213.FUNCTIONS TO SIMPLIFY PROGRAMMING PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 - Operation description 2: If G43 (tool length compensation) is issued on a machine with no axis crossing another In this example, no axis crosses another. Let us see how sample program 1 works. In this example of a machine configuration,
  • Page 403B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 13.FUNCTIONS TO SIMPLIFY PROGRAMMING Sample program 1 (with the axes not crossing one another) N3 command Z Zc Yc Control point Xc Y Feature coordinate system Xc-Yc-Zc N4 command Workpiece Zc coordinate system X-Y-Z X Yc Xc N5 command Zc Yc Xc Zc 30.0 N6 command The intersec
  • Page 40413.FUNCTIONS TO SIMPLIFY PROGRAMMING PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 - Operation description 3: If no G43 (tool length compensation) is issued or if no G53.1 (tool axis direction control) is issued Sample program 2 (O200) is equivalent to sample program 1 except that sample program 2 has no tool length com
  • Page 405B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 13.FUNCTIONS TO SIMPLIFY PROGRAMMING Sample program 2 (with the axes crossing one another) N3 command Z Zc Yc Control point Xc Y Feature coordinate system Xc-Yc-Zc N4 command Workpiece coordinate system X-Y-Z X Zc Yc Xc Sample program 2 (with the axes not crossing one anothe
  • Page 40613.FUNCTIONS TO SIMPLIFY PROGRAMMING PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 Sample program 2 (with the axes crossing one another) N3 command Z Zc Yc Control point Xc Y Feature coordinate system Xc-Yc-Zc N4 command Workpiece coordinate system X-Y-Z X Zc Yc Xc Sample program 2 (with the axes not crossing one N3 com
  • Page 407B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 13.FUNCTIONS TO SIMPLIFY PROGRAMMING Mixed-type machine - Basic operation This function is usable also for a mixed-type machine in which the tool head rotates on the tool rotary axis and the table rotates on the table rotary axis. The feature coordinate system Xc-Yc-Zc is se
  • Page 40813.FUNCTIONS TO SIMPLIFY PROGRAMMING PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 - Feature coordinate system with the table rotated by G53.1 (tool axis direction control) Let's take a mixed-type machine shown in Fig.13.10(j) as an example. If the table rotates under tool axis direction control (G53.1), the feature coo
  • Page 409B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 13.FUNCTIONS TO SIMPLIFY PROGRAMMING - Rotation direction of the table rotary axis Let's take a mixed type machine shown Fig.13.10(j) as an example. Setting parameter No. 6170 to 1 specifies that the rotation direction of the rotary table corresponding to the positive-direct
  • Page 41013.FUNCTIONS TO SIMPLIFY PROGRAMMING PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 Table rotation type machine - Basic operation This function is usable also for a table rotation type machine with two table rotary axes. The feature coordinate system Xc-Yc-Zc is set with a coordinate system origin shift (xo, yo, zo) and
  • Page 411B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 13.FUNCTIONS TO SIMPLIFY PROGRAMMING - Feature coordinate system with the table rotated by G53.1 (tool axis direction control) Let's take a table rotation type machine shown in Fig.13.10(m) as an example. If the table rotates under tool axis direction control (G53.1), the fe
  • Page 41213.FUNCTIONS TO SIMPLIFY PROGRAMMING PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 Restrictions - Basic restrictions The restrictions for incline cutting commands are similar to those for three-dimensional coordinate conversion. Following are the restrictions that require special attention. - Increment system The same i
  • Page 413B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 13.FUNCTIONS TO SIMPLIFY PROGRAMMING - Relationships with other modal commands G41, G42, and G40 (cutter compensation), G43 and G49 (tool length compensation), and G51.1 and G50.1 (programmable mirror image), and canned cycle commands must have nesting relationships with G68
  • Page 41414.COMPENSATION FUNCTION PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 14 General COMPENSATION FUNCTION This chapter describes the following compensation functions: 14.1 TOOL LENGTH OFFSET (G43,G44,G49) 14.2 TOOL OFFSET (G45 TO G48) 14.3 OVERVIEW OF CUTTER COMPENSATION C (G40 - G42) 14.4 DETAILS OF CUTTER COMPENSATION C
  • Page 415B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 14.COMPENSATION FUNCTION 14.1 TOOL LENGTH OFFSET (G43,G44,G49) This function can be used by setting the difference between the tool length assumed during programming and the actual tool length of the tool used into the offset memory. It is possible to compensate the differen
  • Page 41614.COMPENSATION FUNCTION PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 14.1.1 General Format Tool length G43 α_H_ ; Explanation of each address offset G44 α_H_ ; G43 : Positive offset Tool length G49; G44 : Negative offset offset or H0;(when the parameter α : Address of a specified axis cancel LXY (No.6000#4) :s1) H : A
  • Page 417B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 14.COMPENSATION FUNCTION NOTE The tool length offset value corresponding to offset No. 0, that is, H0 always means 0. It is impossible to set any other tool length offset value to H0. - Performing tool length offset along two or more axes When bit 4 (LXY) of parameter No. 60
  • Page 41814.COMPENSATION FUNCTION PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 Example Tool length offset (in boring holes #1, #2, #3) #1 #3 20 (6) 30 +Y (13) (9) (1) #2 30 +X 120 30 50 +Z Actual position Offset value 3 (2) Programmed 35 =4mm (12) position (3) (5) (10) 18 (7) (8) 22 30 (4) (11) 8 - Program H1=-4.0 (Tool length
  • Page 419B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 14.COMPENSATION FUNCTION 14.2 TOOL OFFSET(G45-G48) The programmed travel distance of the tool can be increased or decreased by a specified tool offset value or by twice the offset value. The tool offset function can also be applied to an additional axis. Workpiece Tool cente
  • Page 42014.COMPENSATION FUNCTION PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 Explanation - Increase and decrease As shown in Table 14.2(a), the travel distance of the tool is increased or decreased by the specified tool offset value. In the absolute mode, the travel distance is increased or decreased as the tool is moved from
  • Page 421B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 14.COMPENSATION FUNCTION WARNING 1 When G45 to G48 is specified to n axes (n=1-6) simultaneously in a motion block, offset is applied to all n axes. When the cutter is offset only for cutter radius or diameter in taper cutting, overcutting or undercutting occurs. Therefore,
  • Page 42214.COMPENSATION FUNCTION PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 NOTE 1 When the specified direction is reversed by decrease as shown in the figure below, the tool moves in the opposite direction. Movement of the tool Program command Example Start position End position G46 X2.50 ; Equivalent Tool offset value comm
  • Page 423B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 14.COMPENSATION FUNCTION Example Program using tool offset N12 N11 30R N9 40 N10 N13 N8 N4 30R 40 N3 N5 N1 N2 N6 N7 Y axis 50 N14 80 50 40 30 30 X axis Origin Tool diameter : 20φ Offset No. : 01 Tool offset value : +10.0 Program N1 G91 G46 G00 X80.0 Y50.0 D01 ; N2 G47 G01 X5
  • Page 42414.COMPENSATION FUNCTION PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 14.3 OVERVIEW OF CUTTER COMPENSATION (G40 - G42) When the tool is moved, the tool path can be shifted by the radius of the tool (Fig.14.3 (a)). To make an offset as large as the radius of the tool, CNC first creates an offset vector with a length equ
  • Page 425B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 14.COMPENSATION FUNCTION Format - Start up(Tool compensation start) G00 (or G01) G41 (or G42) IP_ D_ ; G41 : Cutter compensation left (Group07) G42 : Cutter compensation right (Group07) IP_ : Command for axis movement D_ : Code for specifying as the cutter compensation value
  • Page 42614.COMPENSATION FUNCTION PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 - Offset mode cancel In the offset mode, when a block which satisfies any one of the following conditions is executed, the CNC enters the offset cancel mode, and the action of this block is called the offset cancel. 1. G40 has been commanded. 2. 0 ha
  • Page 427B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 14.COMPENSATION FUNCTION - Positive/negative cutter compensation value and tool center path If the offset amount is negative (-), distribution is made for a figure in which G41's and G42's are all replaced with each other on the program. Consequently, if the tool center is p
  • Page 42814.COMPENSATION FUNCTION PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 - Specifying a cutter compensation value Specify a cutter compensation value with a number assigned to it. The number consists of 1 to 3 digits after address D (D code). The D code is valid until another D code is specified. The D code is used to spe
  • Page 429B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 14.COMPENSATION FUNCTION Example N5 250R C1(700,1300) P4(500,1150) P5(900,1150) C2(1550,1550) C3(-150,1150) 650R 650R N4 N6 N3 N7 P3(450,900) P6(950,900) P2 P7 (1150,900) (250,900) N8 N2 P9(700,650) P1 P8 (250,550) (1150,550) N10 N9 N1 Y axis N11 X axis Unit : mm Start posit
  • Page 43014.COMPENSATION FUNCTION PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 14.4 DETAILS OF CUTTER COMPENSATION This section provides a detailed explanation of the movement of the tool for cutter compensation outlined in Section 14.6. This section consists of the following subsections: 14.4.1 General 14.4.2 Tool Movement in
  • Page 431B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 14.COMPENSATION FUNCTION 14.4.1 General - Inner side and outer side When an angle of intersection created by tool paths specified with move commands for two blocks is over 180deg., it is referred to as "inner side." When the angle is between 0deg. and 180deg., it is referred
  • Page 43214.COMPENSATION FUNCTION PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 - Start of cutter compensation (start-up) If a block satisfying all the conditions listed below is executed in cancel mode, the machine is placed in cutter compensation mode. This operation is referred to as start-up. (1) G41 or G42 is specified. Alt
  • Page 433B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 14.COMPENSATION FUNCTION CSC CSU Type Operation 1 0 Type C When the start-up block or cancellation block specifies no movement, the tool is shifted by the cutter compensation value 1 in the direction perpendicular to the block after start-up or perpendicular to the block bef
  • Page 43414.COMPENSATION FUNCTION PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 - Symbols used in the figures The symbols used in the figures of Section II-14.4.2 and later have the following meanings: - S represents a point where single block operation is performed once. - SS represents a point where single block operation is p
  • Page 435B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 14.COMPENSATION FUNCTION 14.4.2 Tool Movement in Start-up When the offset cancel mode is changed to offset mode, the tool moves as illustrated below (start-up): Explanation - Tool movement around an inner side of a corner(180deg.≤ ≤α) Linear→Linear α Workpiece Programmed pat
  • Page 43614.COMPENSATION FUNCTION PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 - When a start-up block involves an outer and obtuse movement(90deg. ≤α<180deg.) Tool path in start-up has two types A and B, and they are selected by parameter CSU (No. 6001#0). Linear→Linear Start position G42 α Workpiece L Programmed path r S L To
  • Page 437B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 14.COMPENSATION FUNCTION Linear→Linear (Circular Start position connection type) G42 α Workpiece L r Programmed path r C L Tool center path S Type B Linear→Circular Start position (Circular connection type) G42 α L r Workpiece r C S C Tool center path Programmed path - 413 -
  • Page 43814.COMPENSATION FUNCTION PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 - When a start-up block involves an outer and acute movement(α α<90deg.) Tool path in start-up has two types A and B, and they are selected by parameter CSU (No.6001#0). Linear→Linear Start position G42 L α Workpiece Programmed path r S L Tool center
  • Page 439B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 14.COMPENSATION FUNCTION Linear→Linear (Circular Start position connection L type) G42 Workpiece r α Programmed path r C S L Tool center path Type B Linear→Circular (Circular Start position connection L type) G42 r α r Workpiece C S C Tool center path Programmed path - 415 -
  • Page 44014.COMPENSATION FUNCTION PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 - Tool movement around the outside linear → linear at an acute angle less than 1 α<1deg.) degree (α S Tool center path L r L (G41) Programmed path G41 Less than 1deg. Start position - A block without tool movement specified at start-up When type A or
  • Page 441B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 14.COMPENSATION FUNCTION When type C is selected The programmed path is shifted by an offset, perpendicularly from the block specifying movement after start-up. No movement L S α Programmed path L Tool center path Intersection - 417 -
  • Page 44214.COMPENSATION FUNCTION PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 14.4.3 Tool Movement in the Offset Mode In offset mode, compensation is carried out for positioning commands as well as for linear and circular interpolation commands. To perform intersection calculation, it is necessary to read at least two blocks t
  • Page 443B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 14.COMPENSATION FUNCTION - Tool movement around the inside of a corner (180deg. ≤α) Linear to Linear α Workpiece Programmed path Intersection S L Tool center path L Linear to Circular α Workpiece Intersection S C Programmed path L Tool center path Circular to Linear Workpiec
  • Page 44414.COMPENSATION FUNCTION PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 - Tool movement around the inside (α α<1deg.) with an abnormally long vector, linear to linear r Tool center path Intersection Programmed path r Intersection S r Also in case of arc to straight line, straight line to arc and arc to arc, the reader sh
  • Page 445B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 14.COMPENSATION FUNCTION - Tool movement around the outside corner at an obtuse angle (90°° ≤ α < 180°°) Linear to Linear (linear connection type) α Workpiece L Programmed path S Intersection L Tool center path Linear to Circular (linear connection type) α Workpiece L r S L
  • Page 44614.COMPENSATION FUNCTION PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 Linear to Linear (circular connection type) α Workpiece L Programmed path r r C L S Tool center path Linear to Circular (circular connection type) α r Workpiece L r C S C Tool center path Programmed path Linear to Circular (circular connection α Work
  • Page 447B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 14.COMPENSATION FUNCTION - Tool movement around the outside corner at an acute angle (α α<90°°) Linear to Linear (linear connection L type) Workpiece r α L Programmed path r L S L L Tool center path Linear to Circular (linear connection type) L r α L r Workpiece L S L C Tool
  • Page 44814.COMPENSATION FUNCTION PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 Linear to Linear (circular L connection type) Workpiece r α Programmed path r C S L Tool center path Linear to Circular (circular connection type) L r α r Workpiece C S C Tool center path Programmed path Circular to Linear (circular connection type)
  • Page 449B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 14.COMPENSATION FUNCTION - When it is exceptional End position for the arc is not on the arc If the end of a line leading to an arc is programmed as the end of the arc by mistake as illustrated below, the system assumes that cutter compensation has been executed with respect
  • Page 45014.COMPENSATION FUNCTION PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 There is no inner intersection If the cutter compensation value is sufficiently small, the two circular tool center paths made after compensation intersect at a position (P). Intersection P may not occur if an excessively large value is specified for
  • Page 451B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 14.COMPENSATION FUNCTION Tool center path with an intersection Linear to linear Workpiece S G42 L r Programmed path r L G41 Tool center path Workpiece Linear to circular C Workpiece r G41 G42 Programmed path r Workpiece Tool center path L S Circular to linear Workpiece G42 P
  • Page 45214.COMPENSATION FUNCTION PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 Tool center path without an intersection When changing the offset direction in block A to block B using G41 and G42, if intersection with the offset path is not required, the vector normal to block B is created at the start point of block B. Linear t
  • Page 453B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 14.COMPENSATION FUNCTION The length of tool center path larger than the circumference of a circle Normally there is almost no possibility of generating this situation. However, when G41 and G42 are changed, or when a G40 was commanded with address I, J, and K this situation
  • Page 45414.COMPENSATION FUNCTION PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 - Cutter compensation G code in the offset mode The offset vector can be set to form a right angle to the moving direction in the previous block, irrespective of machining inner or outer side, by commanding the cutter compensation G code (G41, G42) i
  • Page 455B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 14.COMPENSATION FUNCTION - Command canceling the offset vector temporarily During offset mode, if G92 (absolute zero point programming) is commanded, the offset vector is temporarily cancelled and thereafter offset mode is automatically restored. In this case, without moveme
  • Page 45614.COMPENSATION FUNCTION PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 - If I, J, and K are specified in G00/G01 mode block When cutter compensation begins or is already being applied, specifying I, J, and K in a block specifying positioning mode (G00) or linear interpolation mode (G01) can make the compensation vector
  • Page 457B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 14.COMPENSATION FUNCTION Example If I and J are specified in a block involving tool movement when compensation begins N50 N40 (G40) N30 N10 G91 G41 X100.0 Y100.0 N20 N60 I1 D1 ; N20 G04 X1000 ; Tool center path N30 G01 F1000 ; D1 N40 S300 ; N50 M50 ; N10 Programmed path N60
  • Page 45814.COMPENSATION FUNCTION PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 If I and J are specified in a block not involving tool movement during the compensation mode N30 Tool center path S S N40 Startup/cancel type C N20 (I, J) N50 N10 G41 D1 G01 F1000 ; N20 G91 X100. Y100. ; Programmed N30 I10. ; path N40 X150. ; N50 G40
  • Page 459B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 14.COMPENSATION FUNCTION - A block without tool movement The following blocks have no tool movement. In these blocks, the tool will not move even if cutter compensation is effected. M05 ; : M code output S21 ; : S code output G04 X10.0 ; : Dwell G22 X100000 ; : Machining are
  • Page 46014.COMPENSATION FUNCTION PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 Do not specify more than N-2 blocks not involving tool movement (where N is the number of blocks read in offset mode and which is specified by parameter No. 6009) continuously in offset mode. If commanded, a vector whose length is equal to the offset
  • Page 461B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 14.COMPENSATION FUNCTION - Corner movement If more than one offset vector is produced at the end point of a block, these vectors are connected using either a straight line or arc, depending on the specification made in parameter CCC (bit 2 of parameter No. 6008). This is cal
  • Page 46214.COMPENSATION FUNCTION PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 If the vectors are not judged as being almost equal (or cannot be removed), commands for movement around the corner are executed. Tool movement around the corner before the single-block stop point belongs to those blocks before the block for the corn
  • Page 463B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 14.COMPENSATION FUNCTION 14.4.4 Tool Movement in Offset Mode Cancel Explanation - When a cancellation block involves an inner movement (180deg.≤ ≤α) Linear→Linear Workpiece α Programmed path r G40 Tool center path L S L Circular→Linear α Workpiece r G40 S C L Programmed path
  • Page 46414.COMPENSATION FUNCTION PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 - When a cancellation block involves an outer and obtuse movement ≤α<180deg.) (90≤ Two types are supported: type A and type B. The user can select from the two types by setting bit 0 (CSU) of parameter No. 6001. Linear→Linear G40 Workpiece α Programm
  • Page 465B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 14.COMPENSATION FUNCTION Linear→Linear (Circular connection G40 type) Workpiece α L Programmed path r S C Tool center path Type B Circular→Linear (Circular connection type) G40 α L Workpiece r r S C C Programmed path Tool center path - 441 -
  • Page 46614.COMPENSATION FUNCTION PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 - When a cancellation block involves an outer and acute movement (α α<90deg.) Tool path has two types, A and B : and they are selected by parameter CSU (No. 6001#0) Linear→Linear Workpiece G40 L α Programmed path G42 r Tool center path L S Type A Cir
  • Page 467B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 14.COMPENSATION FUNCTION Linear→Linear (Circular connection L type) Workpiece G40 S α r Programmed path C r Tool center path L Type B Circular→Linear (Circular connection type) L S r α C Workpiece r C Tool center path Programmed path - 443 -
  • Page 46814.COMPENSATION FUNCTION PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 When a cancellation block involves linear-to-linear movement around the outside of an acute angle not greater than 1°° (α α≤1°°) S L Tool center path r L (G42) Programmed path G40 Less than 1 deg. - A block without tool movement specified together wi
  • Page 469B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 14.COMPENSATION FUNCTION - Block containing G40 and I_J_K_ The previous block contains G41 or G42 If a G41 or G42 block precedes a block in which G40 and I_, J_, K_ are specified, the system assumes that the path is programmed as a path from the end position determined by th
  • Page 47014.COMPENSATION FUNCTION PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 When an intersection is not obtainable, the tool comes to the normal position to the previous block at the end of the previous block. E G40 X Tool center path S r (G42) Programmed path (I, J) r The length of the tool center path larger than the circu
  • Page 471B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 14.COMPENSATION FUNCTION 14.4.5 Overcutting by Cutter Compensation Explanations - Machining an inside corner at a radius smaller than the cutter radius When the radius of a corner is smaller than the cutter radius, because the inner offsetting of the cutter will result in ov
  • Page 47214.COMPENSATION FUNCTION PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 - Machining a step smaller than the tool radius When machining of the step is commanded by circular machining in the case of a program containing a step smaller than the tool radius, the path of the center of tool with the ordinary offset becomes rev
  • Page 473B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 14.COMPENSATION FUNCTION - Starting compensation and cutting along the Z-axis It is usually used such a method that the tool is moved along the Z axis after the cutter compensation is effected at some distance from the workpiece at the start of the machining. In the case abo
  • Page 47414.COMPENSATION FUNCTION PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 To prevent overcutting in this case, instruct the tool to move in the direction in which it is fed after moving along the Z axis according to the above rule immediately before the tool is moved along the Z axis. N1 G91 G00 G41 X500.0 Y500.0 D1 ; N2 Y
  • Page 475B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 14.COMPENSATION FUNCTION 14.4.6 Interference Check Tool overcutting is called interference. The interference check function checks for tool overcutting in advance. However, not all instances of interference can be checked by this function. The interference check is performed
  • Page 47614.COMPENSATION FUNCTION PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 - Criterion 1 for detecting interference (direction check) Let N be the number of blocks that are read during tool compensation. The check method first checks the compensation vector group calculated between blocks 1 and 2 that are to be output at th
  • Page 477B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 14.COMPENSATION FUNCTION Example for criterion 1 for detecting interference (when the vector at the end point of block 1 intersects with the vector at the end point of block 7) The directions differ by 180 degree. Tool center path Programmed path Block 2 Block 7 Block 1 Bloc
  • Page 47814.COMPENSATION FUNCTION PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 - Criterion 2 for detecting interference (arc angle check) In a check for interference between three adjacent blocks, that is, a check between the compensation vector group calculated between blocks 1 and 2 and the compensation vector group calculate
  • Page 479B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 14.COMPENSATION FUNCTION - When interference is assumed although actual interference does not occur 1 Depression which is smaller than a cutter compensation value Programmed path Tool center path Stopped A C B There is no actual interference, but since the direction programm
  • Page 48014.COMPENSATION FUNCTION PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 Correction of interference in advance If interference check detects interference (overcutting), the operation to be performed is selected from the following two types, according to the setting of parameter CAV (bit 5 of parameter No. 6008): CAV Funct
  • Page 481B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 14.COMPENSATION FUNCTION - Interference between three adjacent blocks If interference is detected between three adjacent blocks, the interfering vectors and those within them are removed, and a path is produced to connect the remaining vectors. In the following figure, V2 an
  • Page 48214.COMPENSATION FUNCTION PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 Interference avoidance function - Overview Upon the issue of a command that satisfies a condition under which an interference alarm (PS272) is displayed by the interference check alarm function, selecting the interference avoidance function suppresse
  • Page 483B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 14.COMPENSATION FUNCTION If the post-compensation intersection vector between block 1 and gap vector intersects again with the post-compensation vector between the gap vector and block N, vector removal is carried out first using the same method as that for "Interference bet
  • Page 48414.COMPENSATION FUNCTION PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 If a cutter compensation value is larger than the radius of a specified arc and a compensation command is issued for the inside of the arc as shown below, interference is avoided by performing intersection calculation where the arc command is assumed
  • Page 485B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 14.COMPENSATION FUNCTION - If there is no interference avoidance vector In parallel pocketing shown below, interference is detected between the vector at the end point of block 1 and that at the end point of block 2, and an attempt is made to calculate an intersection vector
  • Page 48614.COMPENSATION FUNCTION PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 In the circular pocketing shown below, interference is detected between the vector at the end point of block 1 and that of the end point of block 2, and an attempt is made to calculate an intersection vector between the post-compensation path for blo
  • Page 487B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 14.COMPENSATION FUNCTION - If interference avoidance is judged as being dangerous In the acute-angle pocketing shown below, interference is detected between the vector at the end point of block 1 and that at the end point of block 2, and an attempt is made to calculate an in
  • Page 48814.COMPENSATION FUNCTION PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 Stopped Tool center path Programmed path Block 1 Block 3 Block 2 Post-compensation intersection between the paths specified in blocks 1 and 3 - 464 -
  • Page 489B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 14.COMPENSATION FUNCTION - If an interference avoidance vector may result in interference again In the pocketing shown below, interference is detected between the vector at the end point of block 1 and that at the end point of block 2 if three blocks are read, and a vector a
  • Page 49014.COMPENSATION FUNCTION PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 14.4.7 Cutter Compensation by Input from MDI Explanation - MDI operation If MDI operation is performed, that is, if a cycle is started from the reset state by a programmed command in MDI mode, an intersection calculation is performed to apply compens
  • Page 491B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 14.COMPENSATION FUNCTION - MDI interrupt If an MDI interrupt is generated, that is, if a single block stop is caused during memory operation or DNC operation to enter the automatic operation stop state, then a cycle is started by a programmed command in MDI mode. No intersec
  • Page 49214.COMPENSATION FUNCTION PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 14.4.8 Vector Holding (G38) Issuing G38 in the offset mode when the cutter compensation C function is effective enables the offset vector at the end point for the previous block to be held without calculating the intersection. Format (In the offset m
  • Page 493B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 14.COMPENSATION FUNCTION Example : : (In offset mode) (G90) N1 G38 X10.0 Y0.0 ; X axis N2 G38 X15.0 Y5.0 ; N3 G38 X10.0 Y0.0 ; N4 X20.0 ; Y axis : : Block N2 Offset vector Block N1 Tool center path Programmed path (15.0, 5.0) (10.0, 0.0) Block N3 - 469 -
  • Page 49414.COMPENSATION FUNCTION PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 14.4.9 Corner Circular Interpolation (G39) By specifying G39 in offset mode during cutter compensation C, corner circular interpolation can be performed. The radius of the corner circular interpolation equals the compensation value. Format (In offset
  • Page 495B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 14.COMPENSATION FUNCTION Example - G39 without I, J, or K : : (In offset mode) (G90) X axis N1 X10.0 ; N2 G39 ; N3 Y-10.0 ; : Y axis : Block N1 Offset vector Block N2 (Corner Circular) (10.0, 0.0) Block N3 Programmed path Tool center path (10.0, -10.0) - 471 -
  • Page 49614.COMPENSATION FUNCTION PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 - G39 with I, J, and K : : (In offset mode) (G90) X axis N1 X10.0 ; N2 G39 I1.0 J-3.0 ; N3 X0.0 Y-10.0 ; : Y axis : Block N1 Offset vector Tool center path Block N2 (Corner Circular) (10.0, 0.0) Programmed path Block N3 (I=1.0, J=-3.0) (0.0, -10.0) -
  • Page 497B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 14.COMPENSATION FUNCTION 14.5 THREE-DIMENSIONAL TOOL COMPENSATION (G40, G41) In cutter compensation C, two-dimensional offsetting is performed for a selected plane. In three-dimensional tool compensation, the tool can be shifted three-dimensionally when a three-dimensional o
  • Page 49814.COMPENSATION FUNCTION PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 Format - Start up (Starting three-dimensional tool compensation) When the following command is executed in the cutter compensation cancel mode, the three-dimensional tool compensation mode is set: G41 Xp_Yp_Zp_ I_ J_ K_D_ ; Xp : X-axis or a parallel
  • Page 499B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 14.COMPENSATION FUNCTION Explanation - Three-dimensional tool compensation vector In three-dimensional tool compensation mode, the following three - dimensional compensation vector is generated at the end of each block: Programmed path Path after three-dimensional tool compe
  • Page 50014.COMPENSATION FUNCTION PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 - Specifying I, J, and K Addresses I, J, and K must all be specified to start three-dimensional tool compensation. When even one of the three addresses is omitted, two-dimensional cutter compensation C is activated. When a block specified in three-di
  • Page 501B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 14.COMPENSATION FUNCTION NOTE 1 When bit 0 (ONI) of parameter No. 6029 is set to 1, the functions using the I, J, and K commands listed below must not be used in three-dimensional tool compensation mode. Otherwise, a PS0282 alarm is issued. Exponential interpolation (I, J, a
  • Page 50214.COMPENSATION FUNCTION PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 - Reference position return check (G27) Before specifying reference position return check (G27), cancel three- dimensional tool compensation. - Alarm during three-dimensional tool compensation If one of the following G codes is specified in the three
  • Page 503B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 14.COMPENSATION FUNCTION 14.6 TOOL COMPENSATION VALUES Tool compensation values include tool geometry compensation values and tool wear compensation (Fig. 14.6 (a)). Reference position OFSG OFSW OFSG : Geometric compensation value OFSW : Wear compensation value Fig.14.6 Geom
  • Page 50414.COMPENSATION FUNCTION PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 Explanation - Increment system and valid range of tool offset values The increment system and valid range of tool offset values depend on the following parameters: Parameter OFA(No.6002#0) Parameter OFC(No.6002#1) Parameter OFD(No.6004#0) Parameter O
  • Page 505B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 14.COMPENSATION FUNCTION 14.6.1 Tool Compensation Memory A The memory for geometric compensation and that for wear compensation are not separated in tool compensation memory A. Therefore, the sum of the geometric compensation amount and wear compensation amount is set in the
  • Page 50614.COMPENSATION FUNCTION PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 14.7 NUMBER OF TOOL COMPENSATION SETTINGS (1) 32 tool compensation settings Applicable offset Nos. (D code/H code) are 0 to 32. D00 to D32 or H00 to H32 (2) 99 tool compensation settings Applicable offset Nos. (D code/H code) are 0 to 99. D00 to D99
  • Page 507B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 14.COMPENSATION FUNCTION 14.8 CHANGING THE TOOL COMPENSATION AMOUNT The tool compensation amount can be set or changed with the G10 command. When G10 is used in absolute input (G90), the compensation amount specified in the command becomes the new tool compensation amount. W
  • Page 50814.COMPENSATION FUNCTION PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 14.9 SCALING (G50,G51) A programmed figure can be magnified or reduced (scaling). Two types of scaling are supported. One type applies the same rate of magnification to all axes (X, Y, and Z). The other type applies a different rate of magnification
  • Page 509B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 14.COMPENSATION FUNCTION NOTE 1 Specify G51 in a separate block. 2 After the figure is enlarged or reduced, specify G50 to cancel the scaling mode. 3 No decimal point must be used to specify rates of scaling magnification (P, I, J, and K). Otherwise, an alarm (PS0006) is iss
  • Page 51014.COMPENSATION FUNCTION PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 a/b : Scaling magnification of X axis c/d : Scaling magnification of Y axis Y axis 0 : Scaling center Programmed figure d Scaled figure c O a X axis b Fig.14.9 (b) Scaling of each axis - Scaling of circular interpolation Even if different magnificati
  • Page 511B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 14.COMPENSATION FUNCTION - Scaling and coordinate system rotation When both scaling and coordinate system rotation are specified, the coordinate system is rotated after scaling is applied. In this case, scaling is effective for the center of rotation. Main program O1 G90 G00
  • Page 51214.COMPENSATION FUNCTION PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 - Scaling and optional angle chamfering and corner rounding Chanfering Scaling Twice along the X-axis Once along the Y-axis Corner rounding Scaling Twice along the X-axis Once along the Y-axis The center of scaling is not assumed to be specified for
  • Page 513B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 14.COMPENSATION FUNCTION - Invalid scaling Scaling is not applicable to the Z-axis movement in case of the following canned cycle. -Cut-in value Q and retraction value d of peck drilling cycle(G83,G73). -Fine boring cycle (G76) -Shift value Q of X and Y axes in back boring c
  • Page 51414.COMPENSATION FUNCTION PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 14.10 COORDINATE SYSTEM ROTATION (G68,G69) A programmed shape can be rotated. By using this function it becomes possible, for example, to modify a program using a rotation command when a workpiece has been placed with some angle rotated from the prog
  • Page 515B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 14.COMPENSATION FUNCTION Explanation - G code for selecting a plane: G17,G18 or G19 The G code for selecting a plane (G17,G18,or G19) can be specified before the block containing the G code for coordinate system rotation (G68). CAUTION G17, G18 or G19 must not be designated
  • Page 51614.COMPENSATION FUNCTION PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 Limitation - Coordinate system rotation command Specify the coordinate system rotation command (G68) in G00 or G01 mode. - Commands related to reference position return and the coordinate system In coordinate system rotation mode, G codes related to
  • Page 517B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 14.COMPENSATION FUNCTION - Cutter compensation and coordinate system rotation It is possible to specify G68 and G69 in cutter compensation mode. The rotation plane must coincide with the plane of cutter compensation. N1 G92 X0 Y0 ; N2 G42 G90 G01 X10.0 Y10.0
  • Page 51814.COMPENSATION FUNCTION PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 - Scaling and coordinate system rotation If a coordinate system rotation command is executed in the scaling mode (G51 mode), the coordinate value (α, β) of the rotation center will also be scaled, but not the rotation angle (R). When a move command i
  • Page 519B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 14.COMPENSATION FUNCTION - Repetitive commands for coordinate system rotation It is possible to store one program as a subprogram and recall subprogram by changing the angle. Sample program for when the RIN bit (bit 0 of parameter 6400) is set to 1. The specified angular dis
  • Page 52014.COMPENSATION FUNCTION PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 14.11 TOOL OFFSETS BASED ON TOOL NUMBERS Cutter compensation data, tool length compensation data, and the tool pot number can be set for a specific tool number (T code). Up to 300 sets of data can be set. If a certain tool number is specified, the po
  • Page 521B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 14.COMPENSATION FUNCTION 14.11.1 Tool Data Registration, Modification, and Deletion Explanation - Setting tool data After all the registered tool data has been deleted, programmed tool data can be registered. - Adding or modifying tool data The tool data programmed for a gro
  • Page 52214.COMPENSATION FUNCTION PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 Deleting tool data Format Meaning of command G10L72; G10L72 : Starts the deletion of registered tool data. T-; T- : Delete tool data for the specified tool number. : P- : Delete all tool data for the specified pot number. P-; T- P- : Delete tool data
  • Page 523B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 14.COMPENSATION FUNCTION 14.11.2 Tool Offset Based on Tool Numbers Explanation - Tool pot number output When a tool number (T code) is specified, the corresponding tool pot number is read from the tool data file, then is output to the machine as a tool function code signal (
  • Page 52414.COMPENSATION FUNCTION PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 - Tool change methods The execution of an M code for tool change and tool number (T code) that are specified in the same block depends on the settings of bit 1 (CT2) and bit 0 (CT1) of parameter No. 7401, as indicated in the table below. The method t
  • Page 525B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 14.COMPENSATION FUNCTION Example - Tool change method A Example: N01 T10 ; : The tool pot number corresponding to T10 is output as a code signal. N02 M06 T11 ; : The cutter compensation value and tool length compensation value corresponding to T10 become valid. The T11 tool
  • Page 52614.COMPENSATION FUNCTION PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 - Notification output to the machine when tools having the same pot number are specified If there are two or more programmed tool numbers having the same pot number, the pot number duplication signal (TDUP) is output to the machine. Example: Tool dat
  • Page 527B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 14.COMPENSATION FUNCTION 14.11.3 Relationships with Other Functions Tool life management When tool offset based on tool numbers is enabled (when bit 5 (NOT) of parameter No. 0011 is set to 0), a D code and H code cannot be registered as tool life management data. Compensatio
  • Page 52814.COMPENSATION FUNCTION PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 Automatic tool length measurement With the automatic tool length measurement command (G37), the tool length compensation value for the currently valid tool number is updated. Never specify the automatic tool length measurement command in a block in w
  • Page 529B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 14.COMPENSATION FUNCTION 14.12 TOOL AXIS DIRECTION TOOL LENGTH COMPENSATION When a five-axis machine that has two axes for rotating the tool is used, tool length compensation can be performed in a specified tool axis direction on a rotation axis. When a rotation axis is spec
  • Page 53014.COMPENSATION FUNCTION PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 - Examples of machine configuration and rotation axis calculation formats Let Vx, Vy, Vz, Lc, a, b, and c be as follows : Vx,Vy,Vz : Tool compensation vectors along the X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis Lc : Offset value a,b,c : Absolute coordinates on the
  • Page 531B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 14.COMPENSATION FUNCTION (2) B-axis and C-axis, with the tool axis on the Z-axis B C Z Workpiece C B Y X Vx = Lc * sin(b) * cos(c) Vy = Lc * sin(b) * sin(c) Vz = Lc * cos(b) (3) A-axis and B-axis, with the tool axis on the X-axis A B Z A Workpiece X B Y Vx = Lc * cos(b) Vy =
  • Page 53214.COMPENSATION FUNCTION PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 (4) A-axis and B-axis, with the tool axis on the Z-axis, and the B-axis used as the master B A Z B X Workpiece Y A Vx = Lc * cos(a) * sin(b) Vy = -Lc * sin(a) Vz = Lc * cos(a) * cos(b) (5) A-axis and B-axis, with the tool axis on the Z-axis, and the
  • Page 533B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 14.COMPENSATION FUNCTION - Tool holder offset The machine-specific length from the rotation center of the tool rotation axes (A- and B-axes, A- and C-axes, and B- and C-axes) to the tool mounting position is referred to as the tool holder offset. Unlike a tool length offset
  • Page 53414.COMPENSATION FUNCTION PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 - Rotation axis offset Set offsets relative to the rotation angles of the rotation axes in parameter No. 7517. The compensation vector calculation formula is the same as that used for rotation axis origin compensation, except that Bp and Cp are chang
  • Page 535B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 14.COMPENSATION FUNCTION - Machine coordinate system positioning (G53) When machine coordinate system positioning (G53) is performed, the compensation vector is temporarily cancelled in the block, but is applied when movement is next performed. G53 Specified point G00 Specif
  • Page 53614.COMPENSATION FUNCTION PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 14.13 ROTARY TABLE DYNAMIC FIXTURE OFFSET The rotary table dynamic fixture offset function saves the operator the trouble of re-setting the workpiece coordinate system when the rotary table rotates before cutting is started. With this function the op
  • Page 537B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 14.COMPENSATION FUNCTION Explanation - Fixture offset command When command G54.2 Pn is specified, a fixture offset is calculated from the rotary axis angular displacement and the data of n. The fixture offset becomes valid. If n is set to 0, the fixture offset becomes invali
  • Page 53814.COMPENSATION FUNCTION PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 (2) Setting the reference angle of the rotation axis and the corresponding reference fixture offset Set the reference angle of the rotation axis and the fixture offset that corresponds to the reference angle. Set the data on the fixture offset screen
  • Page 539B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 14.COMPENSATION FUNCTION (3) Reading and writing the data by the PMC window The data can be read and written as a system variable of a custom macro by the PMC window. NOTE The NC window function and custom macro function are required. (4) Outputting the data to an external d
  • Page 54014.COMPENSATION FUNCTION PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 é FAX ù é cos(− θ 0 ) 0 sin (− θ 0 )ù écos(− φ 0 ) − sin (− φ 0 ) 0ù é F 0 X ù ê FAY ú = ê 0 1 0 ú ê sin (− φ 0 ) cos(− φ 0 ) 0ú ê F 0Y ú ê ú ê úê úê ú êë FAZ úû êë − sin (− θ 0 ) 0 cos(− θ 0 )úû êë 0 0 1úû êë F 0 Z úû é FX ù écos(φ ) − sin (φ ) 0ù é
  • Page 541B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 14.COMPENSATION FUNCTION - When compensation is applied to a rotation axis In calculation of the fixture offset, the coordinate of the rotation axis on the workpiece coordinate system is used. If a tool offset or another offset is applied, the coordinate before the offset is
  • Page 54214.COMPENSATION FUNCTION PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 Y C C=90° N4 C=180° N5 N3 N2 [N3] X Zero POINT of the machine coordinate system Fig.14.13 (b) Example of fixture offset When G54.2 P1 is specified in the N2 block, the fixture offset vector (0, 10.0) is calculated. The vector is handled in the same w
  • Page 543B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 14.COMPENSATION FUNCTION 14.14 THREE-DIMENSIONAL CUTTER COMPENSATION The three-dimensional cutter compensation function is used with machines that can control the direction of tool axis movement by using rotation axes (such as the B- and C-axes). This function performs cutte
  • Page 54414.COMPENSATION FUNCTION PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 14.14.1 Tool Side Compensation Tool side compensation is a type of cutter compensation that performs three-dimensional compensation on a plane (compensation plane) perpendicular to a tool direction vector. Programmed tool path Tool vector (before com
  • Page 545B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 14.COMPENSATION FUNCTION Explanation - Operation at compensation start-up and cancellation (1) Type A Type A operation is similar to cutter compensation as shown below. Operation in linear interpolation : Tool center path : Programmed tool path Tool G40 G41.2 Operation in ci
  • Page 54614.COMPENSATION FUNCTION PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 Operation in circular interpolation : Tool center path : Programmed tool path G40 G42.2 Tool Fig.14.14.1 (c) Operation at compensation start-up and cancellation (Type B) (3) Type C As shown in the following figures, when G41.2, G42.2, or G40 is speci
  • Page 547B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 14.COMPENSATION FUNCTION NOTE For type C operation, the following conditions must be satisfied when tool side compensation is started up or canceled : 1 The block containing G40, G41.2, or G42.2 must be executed in the G00 or G01 mode. 2 The block containing G40, G41.2, or G
  • Page 54814.COMPENSATION FUNCTION PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 : Tool center path Workpiece : Programmed tool path : Tool offcet value Actual tool Actual tool Reference tool Workpiece Reference tool Example(1)-3 Example(1)-4 Fig.14.14.1 (f) Operation in the compensation mode (1)-3, 4 (2) When the tool moves at a
  • Page 549B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 14.COMPENSATION FUNCTION : Tool center path : Programmed tool path Example(3)-1 Tool movement when Example(3)-2 Tool movement when the changing G41.2 to G42.2 G code is left unchanged (G41.2 mode) (G41.2 mode) G91 G01 X100.0 G91 G01 X100.0 G42.2 X-100.0 X-100.0 Fig.14.14.1 (
  • Page 55014.COMPENSATION FUNCTION PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 Z Tool axis Tool Y Actual offset vector End point Start point X Move command Actual tool center path Projected Offset vector created in the compensation plane Tool center path created in the compensation plane (Compensation plane = XY plane) Fig.14.1
  • Page 551B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 14.COMPENSATION FUNCTION - Coordinate system C2 : {O; e2, e3, e1} Cartesian coordinate system whose fundamental vectors are the following unit vectors : e2 e3 e1 where, e2, e3, and e1 are defined as follows : e1 = VT e2 = b2 / |b2| , b2 = a2 - (a2,e1)- e1 e3 = b3 / |b3| , b3
  • Page 55214.COMPENSATION FUNCTION PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 e3 R' VD' P' Q' e2 Fig.14.14.1 (k) Compensation vector calculation The e1 component of VD' is assumed to be always 0. The calculation is similar to the calculation of cutter compensation C. Although one vector is obtained in this example, up to four
  • Page 553B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 14.COMPENSATION FUNCTION Vector calculation at the end point (Q) of block N2 - The tool vector (VT) and coordinate conversion matrix (M) are calculated using the coordinates (Bq, Cq) of the rotation axis at point Q. - The cutter compensation vector is calculated using the re
  • Page 55414.COMPENSATION FUNCTION PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 Q=R(N3) N4 VN2 =VN3 S N2 Q'=R' S' P N1 P' O Fig.14.14.1 (m) When a rotation axis is specified alone - Interference check made when the compensation plane is changed An interference check is made when the compensation plane (plane perpendicular to a t
  • Page 555B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 14.COMPENSATION FUNCTION Z C A Vb Va 45° 46° B Y Va: Tool direction vector when A = -46 Vb: Tool direction vector when A=45 A: End point of N3 B: End point of N4 C: End point of N6 Fig.14.14.1 (o) Tool Direction Vector e3 e2 V2 B’ C’ A’ V1 A’ : Point A projected onto the com
  • Page 55614.COMPENSATION FUNCTION PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 Z C A Vb Va Ua Ub Wb Wa B Y X Ua: Vector AB Ub: Vector BC Va: Tool direction vector between A and B Vb: Tool direction vector between B and C Wa: Va × Ua Wb: Vb × Ub (Here, × represents an outer product operator.) Fig.14.14.1 (q) Conceptual Diagram e
  • Page 557B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 14.COMPENSATION FUNCTION Wb : Direction of a compensation vector to be generated by the BC block. Wa = Va × Ua Wb = Vb × Ub (Wa,Wb) ≥ 0 (3) The path angle difference on the compensation plane is large. (Ra,Rb) < 0 (2) Suppressing the issue of the alarm with a Q command By in
  • Page 55814.COMPENSATION FUNCTION PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 (3) Q3 command By inserting a Q3 command, the issue of the alarm can be suppressed. Example) N4 Y-200 Z-200 Q3 e3 e2 V2 B’ C’ A’ V1 The two vectors (V1 and V2) are not deleted. Fig.14.14.1 (u) Q3 Command Limitation - G41.2, G42.2, and G41.3 modes G41
  • Page 559B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 14.COMPENSATION FUNCTION - Programmable mirror image In mirror operation, there must be no conflict between the linear axes and rotation axes. Second Y First quadrant quadrant X Third Fourth quadrant quadrant Example 1: XY Plane on a BC-Type Machine X Y Z B C First Normal No
  • Page 56014.COMPENSATION FUNCTION PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 14.14.2 Leading Edge Offset Leading edge offset is a type of cutter compensation that is used when a workpiece is machined with the edge of a tool. A tool is automatically shifted by a specified cutter compensation value on the line where a plane for
  • Page 561B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 14.COMPENSATION FUNCTION Explanation - Operation at compensation start-up and cancellation Unlike tool side compensation the operation performed at leading edge compensation start-up and cancellation does not vary. When G41.3 is specified, the tool is moved by the amount of
  • Page 56214.COMPENSATION FUNCTION PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 - Operation in the compensation mode The tool center moves so that a compensation vector (VC) perpendicular to the tool vector (VT) is created in the plane formed by the tool vector (VT) at the end point of each block and the movement vector (VM) of
  • Page 563B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 14.COMPENSATION FUNCTION - Block immediately before the offset cancel command (G40) In the block immediately before the compensation cancel command (G40), a compensation vector is created from the movement vector of that block and the tool vector at the end point of the bloc
  • Page 56414.COMPENSATION FUNCTION PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 (2) (VMn+1,VTn) < 0 (90deg < θ < 180deg.) VCn θ Direction of VCn VTn -(VMn+1 × VTn)× VTn VMn+1 VMn+1 VTn θ VCn Fig.14.14.2 (h) Direction of the compensation vector (2) The compensation vector (VCn) of block n is calculated from VTn and VMn+1 as descr
  • Page 565B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 14.COMPENSATION FUNCTION - Compensation performed when θ is approximately 0deg., 90deg., or 180deg. When the included angle θ between VMn+1 and VTn is regarded as 0deg., 180deg., or 90deg., the compensation vector is created in a different way. So, when creating an NC progra
  • Page 56614.COMPENSATION FUNCTION PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 (2) Compensation vector when θ is regarded as 0deg.or 180deg. If θ is regarded as 0deg.or 180deg.when G41.3 is specified to start leading edge compensation, alarm PS998 is issued. This means that the tool vector of the current block and the movement
  • Page 567B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 14.COMPENSATION FUNCTION If the previous compensation vector (VCn-1) points in the same direction ( -(VMn × VTn-1) × VTn-1 direction) as VMn with respect to VTn-1 , the current compensation vector (VCn) is created so it points in the -(VMn+1 × VTn) ×VTn direction. Tool cente
  • Page 56814.COMPENSATION FUNCTION PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 14.14.3 Three-dimensional Cutter Compensation at Tool Center Point For machines with a rotation axis for rotating a tool, this function performs three-dimensional cutter compensation at the tool tip position if the program-specified point is specifie
  • Page 569B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 14.COMPENSATION FUNCTION 3D cutter compensation vector according to this specification Program-specified point (pivot point) Conventional 3D cutter compensation vector Vector from program-specified point (pivot point) to tool tip position (cutting point) Distance from progra
  • Page 57014.COMPENSATION FUNCTION PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 LC e3 Tool tip position R’ VT e1 Tool radius VD VD’ P’ e22 e3 Q’ e2 Coordinate system on the compensation plane The cutter compensation vector (VD') is calculated on the compensation plane vertical to the tool direction. The cutter compensation vecto
  • Page 571B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 14.COMPENSATION FUNCTION - Specification of parameters The parameters used with this function are described below. Parameter numbers are enclosed in brackets [ ]. Relationships between rotation axes and rotation planes [6080 to 6089] These parameters set the relationships be
  • Page 57214.COMPENSATION FUNCTION PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 Up to two sets of such parameter settings can be specified. Thus, it is possible to compensate a slant rotary head controlled with two rotation axes. For the calculation of the compensation amount, calculation is performed on the first rotation axis,
  • Page 573B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 14.COMPENSATION FUNCTION 14.15 DESIGNATION DIRECTION TOOL LENGHT COMPENSATION In a five-axis machine tool having three basic axes and two rotation axes for turning the tool, tool length compensation can be applied in the direction of the tool axis. The tool axis direction is
  • Page 57414.COMPENSATION FUNCTION PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 NOTE 1 The format of specified-direction tool length compensation is the same as that for three- dimensional tool compensation. When using specified-direction tool length compensation, set bit 0 (DDT) of parameter No. 7711 to 1. 2 A three-dimensional
  • Page 575B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 14.COMPENSATION FUNCTION ( x, y, z ) x, y , z : Tool center position b, c : Rotation axis position X ,Y , Z : tip position (programmed position) l I, J, K : Tool axis direction l : Tool offset value (I , J , K ) All positions are represented by absolute coordinates. ( X ,Y ,
  • Page 57614.COMPENSATION FUNCTION PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 - Specification of the magnitude of a compensation vector By setting parameter No. 6011, the magnitude of a compensation vector can be specified. I x = X +l S J y =Y +l S K z = Z +l S where, x, y , z : Tool center position (absolute coordinates) X ,Y
  • Page 577B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 14.COMPENSATION FUNCTION (2) When the rotation axes are the B- and C-axes, and the tool axis is the Z-axis B C Z Workpiece C B Y X I2 + J2 b = tan −1 K J c = tan −1 I (3) When the rotation axes are the A- and B-axes, and the tool axis is the X-axis A B Z A Workpiece X B Y J
  • Page 57814.COMPENSATION FUNCTION PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 (4) When the rotation axes are the A- and B-axes, and the tool axis is the Z-axis (master axis : B-axis) B A Z B X Workpiece Y A −J a = tan −1 I + K2 2 I b = tan −1 K (5) When the rotation axes are the A- and B-axes, and the tool axis is the Z-axis (
  • Page 579B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 14.COMPENSATION FUNCTION Limitation - Rotation axis specification A rotation axis must not be specified in specified-direction tool length compensation mode. Otherwise, an alarm (PS0809) is issued. - Commands related to reference position return The specified-direction tool
  • Page 58014.COMPENSATION FUNCTION PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 14.16 TOOL CENTER POINT CONTROL On a five-axis machine having two rotation axes that turn a tool, tool length compensation can be performed momentarily even in the middle of a block. This tool length compensation is classified into one of two types b
  • Page 581B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 14.COMPENSATION FUNCTION NOTE The length from the tool tip to tool pivot point must equal the sum of the tool length compensation amount and tool holder offset value. The difference between tool center point control (type 2) and designation direction tool length compensation
  • Page 58214.COMPENSATION FUNCTION PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 Explanations - Specification of tool center point control The tool compensation vector changes in the following cases: Type 1 : The offset value is changed, or the rotation axis position (B, C) is specified. Type 2 : The offset value is changed, or t
  • Page 583B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 14.COMPENSATION FUNCTION - Programmed point In programming, the position of the tool tip center is specified. Ball-end mill Tool tip center Programmed path Flat-end mill Tool tip center Programmed path Corner-radius-end mill Tool tip center Programmed path - Linear interpola
  • Page 58414.COMPENSATION FUNCTION PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 - Specification of rotation axes (1) Type 1 When only the rotation axes are specified in tool center point control (type 1) mode, the feedrate of the rotation axes is set to the maximum cutting feedrate (parameter No. 1422). (2) Type 2 In tool center
  • Page 585B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 14.COMPENSATION FUNCTION - Operation of tool center point control (type 2) The following item is the same as for tool length compensation along the tool axis: - Tool holder offset The following items are the same as for tool length compensation in a specified direction: - Op
  • Page 58614.COMPENSATION FUNCTION PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 position of the B-axis to 30.0. In tool center point control, therefore, the compensation vector is calculated with B set to 30.0. - Look-ahead acceleration/deceleration before interpolation When using tool center point control, also use look-ahead a
  • Page 587B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 14.COMPENSATION FUNCTION - Functions resulting in the same operation as tool length compensation along the tool axis Functions resulting in the same operation as tool length compensation in a specified direction When the following functions are used in tool center point cont
  • Page 58814.COMPENSATION FUNCTION PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 Reference This Manual II.14.12 Tool Length Compensation along Tool Axis II.14.17 Tool Length Compensation in a Specified Direction FANUC Series Parameter Manual 4.4.29 Parameters related to the 5- 15i/150i-MB (B-63790EN) axis control function - 564 -
  • Page 589B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 14.COMPENSATION FUNCTION 14.16.1 Tool Center Point Control for 5-Axis Machining Overview There are three different types of five-axis machines. They are <1> a tool rotation type, <2> a table rotation type, and <3> a tool and table rotation type. (See Fig.14.16.1(d).) The con
  • Page 59014.COMPENSATION FUNCTION PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 Table rotation type machine A Y’ Z’ B X’ Y’ Z’ X’ Y’ Z’ X’ Tool center point path Fig.14.16.1 (b) - 566 -
  • Page 591B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 14.COMPENSATION FUNCTION As the table rotates, the position and orientation of a workpiece fixed on the table change. However, programmed positions are specified in the coordinate system fixed on the table (programming coordinate system). Because the programming coordinate s
  • Page 59214.COMPENSATION FUNCTION PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 <1> Tool rotation type machine Z C B X Y <2> Table rotation type machine Z X Y C B <3> Mixed type machine Z B X C Y Fig.14.16.1 (d) This function can be used also when the rotary axis for controlling the tool and the rotary axis for controlling the t
  • Page 593B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 14.COMPENSATION FUNCTION Format - Tool center control command Format G43.4 H ; Starts tool center point control (TYPE1) G49 ; Cancels tool center point control. Symbol description H : Tool offset number Once this command is issued, linear interpolation for the X-, Y-, and X-
  • Page 59414.COMPENSATION FUNCTION PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 Programming coordinate system Issuing G43.4 makes the CNC use the current workpiece coordinate system as its programming coordinate system (fixed on the table). The programming coordinate system is used for tool center point control. It rotates as th
  • Page 595B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 14.COMPENSATION FUNCTION Operation descriptions - Tool center point control command When tool center point control is in use, a move command is issued in the programming coordinate system. The program specifies the tool center point. For rotary axes, the positions of each bl
  • Page 59614.COMPENSATION FUNCTION PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 - Current position display when tool center point control is in use For a machine coordinate system for which tool center control is in use, the position of the controlled point (rotation center of the tool rotary axis) is displayed. Which to use, ab
  • Page 597B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 14.COMPENSATION FUNCTION Concrete examples of operations One of the examples explained below uses two table rotary axes. The other example uses one table rotary axis and one tool rotary axis. - Table rotation type Explained below is a machine configuration (trunnion) in whic
  • Page 59814.COMPENSATION FUNCTION PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 Table rotation type machine Tool tip path if the programming coordinate system does not shift A Y’ Z’ B X’ Y ’ Z’ X Y’ Z’ X’ Y ’ Z’ X Y’ Z’ X’ Y ’ Z’ X Controlled point path (in the machine coordinate system) Tool center point path (in the programmin
  • Page 599B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 14.COMPENSATION FUNCTION - Mixed type Explained below is a mixed-type machine configuration with one table rotary axis (X-axis) and one tool rotary axis (Y-axis). (See Fig.14.16.1(h).) If commands for a rotary axis for moving a rotary table and for a tool rotary axis and a c
  • Page 60014.COMPENSATION FUNCTION PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 Mixed type machine B Tool tip path if the programming coordinate system does not shift Z’ Y’ X’ Z’ A Y’ X’ Z’ Y’ X’ Z’ Y’ X’ Y’ Z’ Z’ X’ Y’ Controlled point path X’ (in the machine coordinate system) Tool center point path (in the programming coordin
  • Page 601B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 14.COMPENSATION FUNCTION Examples O300 is sample program 3. In this example, each side, 100 mm long, of an equilateral triangle is created with the B-axis set, respectively, to 0, 30 to 60, and 60 degrees. O300 (Sample Program3) ; N10 G55 ; Gets the programming coordinate sy
  • Page 60214.COMPENSATION FUNCTION PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 Mixed type (B-axis as the tool rotary axis, C-axis as the table rotary axis, and tool axis in the Z direction) B-axis rotation center B Z C-axis rotation G55 workpiece coordinate center system X Y C Fig.14.16.1 (i) - 578 -
  • Page 603B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 14.COMPENSATION FUNCTION Fig.14.16.1(j) shows the attitude of the workpiece and the attitude of the tool head relative to the workpiece as viewed in the +Z direction on the assumption that the table rotary axis C stands still. Operation when the C-axis stands still (X28.868,
  • Page 60414.COMPENSATION FUNCTION PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 Step-by-step operation diagram of each block (B 0) Behavior of the controlled point (machine coordinates) (B 30.0) (B 30.0) X (C 0) Behavior of the tool center point Y The B-axis rotates to The C-axis rotates to (B 45.0) B45 degrees. C120 degrees. N6
  • Page 605B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 14.COMPENSATION FUNCTION The C-axis rotates to (B 60.0) C240 degrees. (B 60.0) N80 block (C 240.0) (C 120.0) (B 60.0) (B 60.0) N90 block (C 240.0) (B 0) The C-axis rotates to C360 degrees. N100 block (C 360.0) Fig.14.16.1 (k) - 581 -
  • Page 60614.COMPENSATION FUNCTION PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 Restrictions - Deceleration at a corner When tool center point control is in use, the controlled point may move on a curved line even if a straight-line command is issued. Some commands may cause the tool center point to make a sharp turn. For this r
  • Page 607B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 14.COMPENSATION FUNCTION - Hypothetical axis as the table rotary axis If a hypothetical axis is used as the table rotary axis, tool center point control is performed with the table rotary axis set to 0 degrees. - Unusable functions Do not use the following functions in tool
  • Page 60814.COMPENSATION FUNCTION PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 14.17 CONTROL POINT COMPENSATION OF TOOL LENGTH COMPENSATION ALONG TOOL AXIS AND TOOL CENTER POINT CONTROL Normally, the control point of tool length compensation along the tool axis and tool center point control is the point of intersection of the c
  • Page 609B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 14.COMPENSATION FUNCTION According to the machine type, set the values listed in the following table: Table 14.17 (a) Setting the Tool Holder Offset and Rotation Center Compensation Vector Machine type Tool holder offset Rotation center Parameter No. 7548 compensation vector
  • Page 61014.COMPENSATION FUNCTION PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 Shifting the control point Conventionally, the center of a rotation axis was used as the control point. The control point can now be shifted as shown in the figure below. Then, when the rotation axis is at the 0-degree position also in tool length co
  • Page 611B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 14.COMPENSATION FUNCTION The method for shifting the control point can be selected using the following parameters: Table 14.17 (b) Methods of Shifting the Control Point Bit 5 (SVC) of Bit 4 (SBP) of Shift of control point parameter No. parameter No. 7540 7540 0 - As normal,
  • Page 61214.COMPENSATION FUNCTION PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 14.18 GRINDING WHEEL WEAR COMPENSATION On a specified compensation plane, a compensation vector is created on an extension of a straight line starting from a specified point (compensation center) toward a command end point. Compensation vector Compen
  • Page 613B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 14.COMPENSATION FUNCTION Description - Grinding wheel wear compensation (start of grinding wheel wear compensation) Up to three compensation center positions can be set. Set the coordinates (in the workpiece coordinate system) of these compensation center positions in parame
  • Page 61414.COMPENSATION FUNCTION PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 - Canceling grinding wheel wear compensation When G40 and D0 are specified at the same time, the compensation vector is canceled, movement due to the cancellation occurs, and then grinding wheel wear compensation is canceled. When D0 has been cancele
  • Page 615B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 14.COMPENSATION FUNCTION - Compensation vector A compensation vector is created only on the plane (compensation plane) of the axes (compensation axes) set in parameter Nos. 6056 and 6057. On an extension of a straight line starting from the compensation center toward the com
  • Page 61614.COMPENSATION FUNCTION PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 - Compensation plane and plane selection by G17/G18/G19 The creation of a compensation vector is not related to plane selection by G17/G18/G19. For example, while circular interpolation is being performed on the XY (G17) plane, compensation can be ap
  • Page 617B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 14.COMPENSATION FUNCTION - Circular interpolation/helical interpolation When circular interpolation (G02/G03) is specified in grinding wheel wear compensation mode, the radius at the start point of an arc differs from the radius at the end point, which prevents a correct arc
  • Page 61814.COMPENSATION FUNCTION PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 - Available compensation functions The commands listed below can be used in grinding wheel wear compensation mode. In these command modes, grinding wheel wear compensation can also be used. - Tool length compensation (G43, G44, G49) - Position offset
  • Page 619B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 14.COMPENSATION FUNCTION - Relation with compensation functions The commands listed below cannot be used in grinding wheel wear compensation function mode. Before using these commands, cancel grinding wheel wear compensation. Also, grinding wheel wear compensation cannot be
  • Page 62014.COMPENSATION FUNCTION PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 - Relation with other functions - Background drawing A program producing a spiral tool center path cannot be drawn correctly. - Binary input operation by a remote buffer This function cannot be used in grinding wheel wear compensation function mode.
  • Page 621B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 14.COMPENSATION FUNCTION 14.19 CUTTER COMPENSATION FOR ROTARY TABLE Overview For machines having a rotary table, such as that shown in the figure below, cutter compensation can be performed. Y Z A Table coordinate system B X Y shows the direction in which the machine moves.
  • Page 62214.COMPENSATION FUNCTION PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 - Selection of an offset plane Offset plane Plane selection IP_ command XpYp G17 ; Xp_Yp_ ZpXp G18 ; Xp_Zp_ YpZp G19 ; Yp_Zp_ The selected plane, or two axes, must be included in the three linear axes (parameters Nos. 6140 to 6142) handled by this fu
  • Page 623B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 14.COMPENSATION FUNCTION Example - Parameter specification example On the machine shown in Fig.14.19 (a), parameters must be specified as follows: The axis numbers are assumed as follows: X = 1, Y = 2, Z = 3, A = 4, B =5 Parameter Setting Description No. 6140 1 (X) Axis numb
  • Page 62414.COMPENSATION FUNCTION PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 P3 conversion matrix é1 0 0 ù écos b3 0 − sin b3 ù M 3 = êê0 cos a3 sin a3 úú êê 0 1 0 úú ëê0 − sin a3 cos a3 ûú ëê sin b3 0 cos b3 ûú (3) Calculation of three points P1 ' , P2 ' , P3 ' used to calculate cutter compensation P1 , P2 , and P3 are conve
  • Page 625B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 14.COMPENSATION FUNCTION Alarm and message No. Message Description PS1062 ILLEGAL USE OF G41.4/G42.4 (1) Any of the parameters Nos. 6140 to 6146, related to the cutter compensation for Rotary table, is not correct. (2) At the start of the rotary table support of cutter compe
  • Page 62614.COMPENSATION FUNCTION PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 14.20 THREE-DIMENSIONAL CUTTER COMPENSATION FOR ROTARY TABLE Overview This function allows three-dimensional cutter compensation to be performed on a 5-axis machine having a rotary table and a rotation tool axis, such as that shown in the figure belo
  • Page 627B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 14.COMPENSATION FUNCTION Format - Startup (start of three-dimensional cutter compensation rotary table) (tool side offset) G41.5 (or G42.5) IP_ D_ ; G41.5 : Cutter compensation, left (group 07) G42.5 : Cutter compensation, right (group 07) IP_ : Specified amount of axial mov
  • Page 62814.COMPENSATION FUNCTION PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 - Offset mode cancellation In offset mode, executing a block satisfying either or both of the following conditions causes the CNC to enter offset cancel mode: 1 G40 is specified. 2 0 is specified as the code for specifying the amount of cutter compen
  • Page 629B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 14.COMPENSATION FUNCTION 3. Conversion of program coordinates using the table rotation axis (1) Conversion from the workpiece coordinate system to the table coordinate system using the table rotation axis The table coordinate system is the one that is fixed to the table. The
  • Page 63014.COMPENSATION FUNCTION PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 Limitations - Interference check In G41.5 or G42.5 mode, an interference check is performed using a specified position in the workpiece coordinate system and a compensation vector. The interference check avoidance function cannot be used. - Corner ar
  • Page 631B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 14.COMPENSATION FUNCTION Alarm and message No. Message Description PS1070 ILLEGAL USE OF G41.5/G42.5 The parameters related to the three-dimensional cutter compensation for rotary table are not specified properly. An attempt was made to issue the G39 command in the mode of t
  • Page 63215.PROGRAMMABLE PARAMETER INPUT (G10) PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 15 General PROGRAMMABLE PARAMETER INPUT (G10) The values of parameters can be entered in a lprogram. This function is used for setting pitch error compensation data when attachments are changed or the maximum cutting feedrate or cutting
  • Page 633B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 15.PROGRAMMABLE PARAMETER INPUT (G10) WARNING 1 Before changing the pitch error compensation data or backlash compensation data, disable pitch error compensation or backlash compensation (return to the machine zero point). If the data is changed while compensation is enabled
  • Page 63416.MEASUREMENT FUNCTIOM PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 16 MEASUREMENT FUNCTIOM - 610 -
  • Page 635B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 16.MEASUREMENT FUNCTIOM 16.1 SKIP FUNCTION (G31) Linear interpolation can be commanded by specifying axial move following the G31 command, like G01. If an external skip signal is input during the execution of this command, execution of the command is interrupted and the next
  • Page 63616.MEASUREMENT FUNCTIOM PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 Pnc Q P Coordinate system origin Skip signal input position Pnc : Current position in the CNC when the skip signal is turned on (mm or inch) P : Distance to be measured (mm or inch) Q : Servo delay (mm or inch) When bit 7 (SEB) of parameter No. 7300 i
  • Page 637B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 16.MEASUREMENT FUNCTIOM Example - The next block to G31 is an incremental command G31 G91 X100.0 F100; Y50.0; Skip signal is input here 50.0 Y 100.0 Actual motion X Motion without skip signal Fig.16.1 (a) The next block is an incremental command - The next block to G31 is an
  • Page 63816.MEASUREMENT FUNCTIOM PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 16.2 SKIPPING THE COMMANDS FOR SEVERAL AXES Move commands can be specified for several axes at one time in a G31 block. If an external skip signal is input during such commands, the command is canceled for all specified axes and the next block is exec
  • Page 639B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 16.MEASUREMENT FUNCTIOM 16.3 HIGH SPEED SKIP SIGNAL (G31) The skip function operates based on a high-speed skip signal (connected directly to the NC; not via the PMC) instead of an ordinary skip signal. In this case, up to eight signals can be input. Delay and error of skip
  • Page 64016.MEASUREMENT FUNCTIOM PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 16.4 MULTISTAGE SKIP (G31.1 TO G31.4) The multistage skip function can be used for a block specifying G31.1 to G31.4. The function stores, in the custom macro variable, the coordinates when four normal skip signals or eight high-speed skip signals are
  • Page 641B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 16.MEASUREMENT FUNCTIOM - Correspondence to skip signals Parameter Nos. 7205 to 7208 can be used to specify whether the 4-point or 8-point skip signal is used (when a high-speed skip signal is used). Specification is not limited to one-to-one correspondence. It is possible t
  • Page 64216.MEASUREMENT FUNCTIOM PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 16.5 AUTOMATIC TOOL LENGTH MEASUREMENT (G37) By issuing G37 the tool starts moving to the measurement position and keeps on moving till the approach end signal from the measurement device is output. Movement of the tool is stopped when the tool tip re
  • Page 643B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 16.MEASUREMENT FUNCTIOM - Specifying G37 Specify the absolute coordinates of the correct measurement position. Execution of this command moves the tool at the rapid traverse rate toward the measurement position, reduces the federate halfway, then continuous to move it until
  • Page 64416.MEASUREMENT FUNCTIOM PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 NOTE 1 When an H code is specified in the same block as G37, an alarm is generated. Specify H code before the block!of G37. 2 The measurement speed (parameter No. 7311), deceleration position (parameter No. 7321), and permitted range of the approach e
  • Page 645B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 16.MEASUREMENT FUNCTIOM Examples G92 Z760.0 X1100.0 ; Sets a workpiece coordinate system with respect G00 G90 X850.0 ; Moves the tool to X850.0. That is the tool is moved to a position that is a specified distance from the measurement position along the Z-axis. H01 ; Specifi
  • Page 64616.MEASUREMENT FUNCTIOM PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 16.6 TORQUE LIMIT SKIP If a move command is specified after G31 P99 (or G31 P98) when the servo motor torque limit(*1) is overridden, the same cutting feed as that achieved by linear interpolation (G01) is possible. If the servo motor torque reaches t
  • Page 647B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 16.MEASUREMENT FUNCTIOM Explanation - Skip operation condition Condition Command G31P98 G31P99 When a torque limit is reached A A When a skip signal is entered B A A : Skip operation is performed. B : Skip offset is not performed. - Torque limit skip operation In torque limi
  • Page 64816.MEASUREMENT FUNCTIOM PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 - Torque limit command If a torque limit skip command specifies no torque limit override value in address Q, and no torque limit is specified using the PMC window, a PS alarm (PS151) is output. No torque limit is specified when a torque limit override
  • Page 649B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 16.MEASUREMENT FUNCTIOM Positions in skip operation CNC current position Machine position Error Coordinate system origin Stop point Corrected position incorporating the delay Position not incorporating the delay NOTE 1 Specify a torque limit skip command for one axis only. I
  • Page 65017.CUSTOM MACRO PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 17 CUSTOM MACRO Although subprograms are useful for repeating the same operation, the custom macro function also allows use of variables, arithmetic and logic operations, and conditional branches for easy development of general programs such as pocketing and
  • Page 651B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 17.CUSTOM MACRO 17.1 VARIABLES An ordinary machining program specifies a G code and the travel distance directly with a numeric value; examples are G100 and X100.0. With a custom macro, numeric values can be specified directly or using a variable number. When a variable numb
  • Page 65217.CUSTOM MACRO PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 - Common variables #100 - #199, #500 - #999 Just as a local variable is used locally in the macro, a common variable is in common use throughout the main program, throughout each subprogram called from the main program, and throughout each macro. That is, #i
  • Page 653B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 17.CUSTOM MACRO n (1 to 9) of optional block skip/n cannot be replaced with a variable. No variable number can be specified directly using a variable. [Example] When replacing 5 of #5 with #30, specify #[#30] instead of ##30. Values exceeding the maximum allowable number for
  • Page 65417.CUSTOM MACRO PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 Original arithmetic expression #100=#1 #100=#1*5 #100=#1+#1 (example of common variable) Replacement result (if #1=) 0 0 Replacement result (if #1=0) 0 0 0 Original arithmetic expression #2001=#1 #2001=#1*5 #2001=#1+#1 (example of system variable
  • Page 655B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 17.CUSTOM MACRO NOTE 1 If an unregistered variable name is specified, a PS0098 alarm is issued. 2 If an invalid value (such as a negative value) is specified as suffix n, a PS0099 alarm is issued. - Naming of common variables By specifying a variable name set with the SETVN
  • Page 65617.CUSTOM MACRO PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 17.2 SYSTEM VARIABLES System variables can be used to read and write internal CNC data such as tool compensation values and current position data. System variables are essential for automation and general-purpose program development. System variables/constant
  • Page 657B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 17.CUSTOM MACRO System variable System variable Attribute Description number name #2201 to #2400 [#_OFSW[n]] R/W Tool compensation values (wear) in compensation memory B Note) Suffix n represents a compensation number (1 to 200). #11001 to #11999 These numbers can also be us
  • Page 65817.CUSTOM MACRO PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 System variable System variable Attribute Description number name #3003 bit1 [#_M_FIN] R/W Auxiliary function completion signal awaited/not awaited #3004 [#_CNTL2] R/W Feed hold enabled/disabled. Feedrate override enabled/disabled. Exact stop check enabled/di
  • Page 659B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 17.CUSTOM MACRO - Modal information System variable System variable Attribute Description number name #4001 to #4030 [#_BUFG[n]] R Modal information of blocks up to the immediately preceding block (G code) Note) Suffix n represents a G code group number. #4102 [#_BUFB] R Mod
  • Page 66017.CUSTOM MACRO PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 System variable System variable Attribute Description number name #4330 [#_ACTWZP] R Modal information of the block currently being executed (additional workpiece coordinate system number) #4401 to #4430 [#_INTG[n]] R Modal information of an interrupted block
  • Page 661B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 17.CUSTOM MACRO - Manual handle interrupt values System variable System variable Attribute Description number name #5121 to #5140 [#_MIRTP[n]] R Manual handle interrupt value Note) Suffix n represents an axis number (1 to 20). - Workpiece origin offsets System variable Syste
  • Page 66217.CUSTOM MACRO PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 - Dynamic reference tool compensation values System variable System variable Attribute Description number name #16001 to #16020 [#_DOFS1[n]] R/W Dynamic reference tool compensation value (first pair) Note) Suffix n represents an axis number (1 to 20). #16021
  • Page 663B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 17.CUSTOM MACRO - Interface signals #1000 to #1031, #1032, #1033 to #1035 (Attribute : R) #1100 to #1115, #1132, #1133 to #1135 (Attribute : R/W) [Input signals] By reading the system variables, #1000 to #1032, for reading interface signals, the states of the interface input
  • Page 66417.CUSTOM MACRO PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 30 i 31 #1032 = Σ # [1000 + i ] × 2 − #1031 × 2 i =0 30 { } 31 # [1032 + n ] = Σ 2 i × V − 2 × V i =0 i 31 where, Vi = 0 when UIni is 0 Vi = 1 when UIni is 1 n : 0 to 3 - 640 -
  • Page 665B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 17.CUSTOM MACRO [Output signals] By assigning values to system variables #1100 to #1132, for outputting interface signals, interface output signals can be output. Variable Variable Number of Interface input signal number name points 0 #1100 [#_UO[0]] 1 UO000 (2 ) 1 #1101 [#_
  • Page 66617.CUSTOM MACRO PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 Variable Variable Number of Interface input signal number name points #1132 [#_UOL[0]] 32 UO000 to UO031 #1133 [#_UOL[1]] 32 UO100 to UO131 #1134 [#_UOL[2]] 32 UO200 to UO231 #1135 [#_UOL[3]] 32 UO300 to UO331 Variable value Input signal 1.0 Contact closed 0.
  • Page 667B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 17.CUSTOM MACRO [Example] DI configuration 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 Used for Sign 102 101 100 other purposes DO configuration 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 Not used Used for other purposes Address (1) Signed three BCD digits
  • Page 66817.CUSTOM MACRO PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 - Tool compensation values #2000 to #2800, #10001 to #13999 (Attribute : R/W) Compensation values can be checked by reading system variables #2001 to #2800 and #10001 to #13999. Compensation values can be changed by assigning desired values to the system vari
  • Page 669B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 17.CUSTOM MACRO - When the number of compensation values exceeds 200 (The values of the compensation numbers up to 200 can also be referenced using #2001 to #2400.) Compensation Geometric Wear number Variable Variable name Variable Variable name number number 1 #10001 [#_OFS
  • Page 67017.CUSTOM MACRO PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 - When the number of compensation values exceeds 200 (The values of the compensation numbers up to 200 can also be referenced using #2001 to #2800.) H code Compensation Geometric Wear number Variable Variable name Variable Variable name number number 1 #10001
  • Page 671B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 17.CUSTOM MACRO - Clocks #3001, #3002 (Attribute : R/W) By reading the system variables for clocks #3001 and #3002, the times of the clocks can be checked. The time of a clock can be preset by assigning a desired value to the system variable. Type Variable Variable Units Upo
  • Page 67217.CUSTOM MACRO PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 Variable number Value Single block stop Completion of an or variable name auxiliary function [#_M_SBK] 0 Enabled _ 1 Disabled _ [#_M_FIN] 0 _ To be awaited 1 _ Not to be awaited [Example] Drilling cycle (incremental programming) (Equivalent to G81) Macro call
  • Page 673B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 17.CUSTOM MACRO By using the following variable names, feed hold, feedrate override, and exact stop in G61 mode or by G09 can be individually enabled or disabled. Variable Value Feed hold Feedrate Exact stop number override Variable name [#_M_FHD] 0 Enabled _ _ 1 Disabled _
  • Page 67417.CUSTOM MACRO PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 - Mirror image state #3007 (Attribute : R) By reading #3007, the mirror image (setting or DI) state at that time can be checked for each axis. Value number Value name Description #3007 [#_MRIMG] Mirror image state In the binary representation below, each bit
  • Page 675B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 17.CUSTOM MACRO - Cutting time #3016 (Attribute: R/W) By using the custom macro system variable #3016, the cumulative cutting time parameters (No. 103, No. 104) can be read and preset. The range of values is 0.0 to 1666666.65, and the unit is hours. When presetting is perfor
  • Page 67617.CUSTOM MACRO PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 - Main program number #4000 (Attribute : R) System variable #4000, even when placed in a subprogram of any level, can be used to read the main program number. Value number Value name Description #4000 [#_MAINO] Main processing number NOTE 1 The main processin
  • Page 677B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 17.CUSTOM MACRO - Modal information #4001 to #4130, #4201 to #4330, #4401 to #4530 (Attribute : R) By reading system variables #4001 to #4130, the modal information specified in the currently buffered block immediately preceding a macro statement that is also buffered and sp
  • Page 67817.CUSTOM MACRO PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 Classifi- Value Value name Description cation number (1) #4119 [#_BUFS] (2) #4319 [#_ACTS] Modal information (S code) (3) #4519 [#_INTS] (1) #4120 [#_BUFT] (2) #4320 [#_ACTT] Modal information (T code) (3) #4520 [#_INTT] (1) #4130 [#_BUFWZP] Modal information
  • Page 679B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 17.CUSTOM MACRO - Position information #5001 to #5080 (Attribute : R) By reading system variables #5001 to #5080, the end point positions of the immediately preceding block, the currently specified positions (machine coordinate system, workpiece coordinate system), and the s
  • Page 68017.CUSTOM MACRO PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 - Tool length compensation #5081 to #5100 (Attribute : R) By reading system variables #5081 to #5100, the tool length compensation value of each axis in the block currently being executed can be checked. Variable Variable name Position information Read during
  • Page 681B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 17.CUSTOM MACRO NOTE A variable value greater than the number of controlled axes is undefined. - Workpiece origin offsets #5201 to #5340, #7001 to #7960 (Attribute : R) Workpiece origin offsets can be checked by reading system variables #5201 to #5340 and #7001 to #7960. Wor
  • Page 68217.CUSTOM MACRO PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 The workpiece origin offsets of additional workpiece coordinate systems can be handled as system variables as with a standard workpiece coordinate system. The system variable numbers are as follows : Variable Variable name Controlled axes Additional number wo
  • Page 683B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 17.CUSTOM MACRO - Reference fixture offset values #15001 to #15160 (Attribute : R/W) By reading system variables #15001 to #15160, the reference fixture offset values used with the rotary table dynamic fixture offset function can be checked. Reference fixture offset values c
  • Page 68417.CUSTOM MACRO PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 - Dynamic reference tool compensation values #16001 to #16160 (Attribute : R/W) By reading system variables #16001 to #16160, the dynamic reference tool compensation values used with the rotary head dynamic tool compensation function can be checked. Dynamic r
  • Page 685B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 17.CUSTOM MACRO NOTE A variable value greater than the number of controlled axes is undefined. - System constants #0, #3100 to #3102 (Attribute : R) Fixed values or constants used with the system can be handled in the same way as system variables. These constants are referre
  • Page 68617.CUSTOM MACRO PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 17.3 ARITHMETIC COMMANDS A variety of arithmetic operations can be performed on variables. An arithmetic command must be specified the same as in general arithmetic expressions. , the right-hand-side of an arithmetic command is a combinatio
  • Page 687B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 17.CUSTOM MACRO Explanation - Angle units The units of angles used with the SIN, COS, ASIN, ACOS, TAN, and ATAN functions are degrees. For example, 90 degrees and 30 minutes is represented as 90.5 degrees. - ARCSIN #i = ASIN[#j]; - The solution ranges from -90 to 90 deg. - #
  • Page 68817.CUSTOM MACRO PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 - Natural logarithm #i = LN[#j]; - When the antilogarithm (#j) is zero or smaller, alarm PS0119 is issued. - A constant can be used instead of the #j variable. - Exponential function #i = EXP[#j]; - When the result (j) of the operation exceeds about 709, an o
  • Page 689B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 17.CUSTOM MACRO - Rounding up and down to an integer With CNC, when the absolute value of the integer produced by an operation on a number is greater than the absolute value of the original number, such an operation is referred to as rounding up to an integer. Conversely, wh
  • Page 69017.CUSTOM MACRO PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 Limitation - Data type The numeric data handled by custom macros are double-precision real data, as laid down in the applicable IEEE standard. Any errors associated with the execution of operations conform to the standard. - Cautions on reduced precision - Ad
  • Page 691B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 17.CUSTOM MACRO #2=2.0000000000000000 but instead be equal to a slightly smaller value, such as #2=1.9999999999999997 To prevent this from occurring, change the N30 line as follows : N30 #3=FIX[#2+0.001]; In general, FIX[expression] must be changed to FIX[expression±ε] (wher
  • Page 69217.CUSTOM MACRO PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 17.4 MACRO STATEMENTS AND NC STATEMENTS The following blocks are referred to as macro statements : - Blocks containing an arithmetic or logic operation (=) - Blocks containing a control statement (such as GOTO, DO, END) - Blocks containing a macro call comman
  • Page 693B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 17.CUSTOM MACRO 17.5 BRANCH AND REPETITION In a program, the flow of control can be changed using the GOTO statement and IF statement. Three types of branch and repetition operations are used: Branch and repetition GOTO statement (unconditional branch) IF statement (conditio
  • Page 69417.CUSTOM MACRO PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 17.5.2 Conditional Branch (IF Statement) A is specified after IF. IF[]GOTOn If the is satisfied (true), the processing branches to sequence number n. If the conditional expression is no
  • Page 695B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 17.CUSTOM MACRO - Relational operator A relational operator consists of two alphabetic characters as shown in the table below and is used to judge whether an operand is greater, smaller, or equal. The equal (=), greater than (>), and less than (<) signs cannot be used as rel
  • Page 69617.CUSTOM MACRO PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 17.5.3 Repetition (While Statement) Specify a conditional expression after WHILE. While the specified condition is satisfied, the program from DO to END is executed. If the specified condition is not satisfied, program execution proceeds to the block after EN
  • Page 697B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 17.CUSTOM MACRO - Nesting The identification numbers (1 to 3) in a DO-END loop can be used as many times as desired. Note, however, when a program includes crossing repetition loops (overlapped DO ranges), alarm PS0124 occurs. 1.The identification numbers (1 3.DO loops can b
  • Page 69817.CUSTOM MACRO PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 - Undefined variable In a conditional expression that uses EQ or NE, a and zero have different effects. In other types of conditional expressions, a is regarded as zero. Sample program The sample program below finds the total of numbers 1 to
  • Page 699B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 17.CUSTOM MACRO 17.6 MACRO CALL A macro program can be called using the following methods: Macro call Simple call (G65) modal call (G66, G66.1, G67) Macro call with G code Macro call with M code Subprogram call with M code Subprogram call with T code Subprogram call with S c
  • Page 70017.CUSTOM MACRO PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 17.6.1 Simple Call (G65) When G65 is specified, the custom macro specified at address P is called. Data (argument) can be passed to the custom macro program. G65 Pp LLambda < argument-specification > ; P : Number of the program to call Lambda : Repetition co
  • Page 701B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 17.CUSTOM MACRO - Argument specificationII Argument specification II uses A, B, and C once each and uses I, J, and K up to ten times. Argument specification II is used to pass values such as three-dimensional coordinates as arguments. Variable Variable Variable Address Addre
  • Page 70217.CUSTOM MACRO PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 NOTE 1 If address E is used as an axis name, using the program axis name expansion option, *2 and *3 apply. 2 The value of α differs with the increment system of the axis for which the address is set, as follows: IS-A:2, IS-B:3, IS-C:4, IS-D:5, IS-E:6 If the
  • Page 703B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 17.CUSTOM MACRO - Local variable levels - Local variables from level 0 to 5 are provided for nesting. - The level of the main program is 0. - Each time a macro is called (with G65, G66 or G66.1), the local variable level is incremented by one. The values of the local variabl
  • Page 70417.CUSTOM MACRO PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 Sample program (bolt hole circle) A macro is created which drills H holes at intervals of B degrees after a start angle of A degrees along the periphery of a circle with radius I. The center of the circle is (X,Y). Commands can be specified in either the abso
  • Page 705B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 17.CUSTOM MACRO - Program calling a macro program O0002; G90 G92 X0 Y0 Z100.0; G65 P9100 X100.0 Y50.0 R30.0 Z-50.0 F500 I100.0 A0 B45.0 H5; M30; - Macro program (called program) O9100; #3=#4003; .........................Stores G code of group 3. G81 Z#26 R#18 F#9 L0; .....Dr
  • Page 70617.CUSTOM MACRO PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 17.6.2 Modal Call : Move Command Call (G66) Once G66 is issued to specify a modal call a macro is called after a block specifying movement along axes is executed. This continues until G67 is issued to cancel a modal call. G66 Pp Lλ ;
  • Page 707B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 17.CUSTOM MACRO Sample program The same operation as the drilling canned cycle G81 is created using a custom macro and the machining program makes a modal macro call. For program simplicity,all drilling data is specified using absolute values. The canned cycle consists of th
  • Page 70817.CUSTOM MACRO PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 - Macro program (program called) O9110; #1=#4001; ................................... Stores G00/G01. #3=#4003; ................................... Stores G90/G91. #4=#4109; ................................... Stores the cutting feedrate. #5=#5003; ..........
  • Page 709B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 17.CUSTOM MACRO 17.6.3 Modal Call : Per-Block Call (G66.1) In this macro call mode, a specified macro is called unconditionally in each NC command block. All the commands in each block are regarded as being arguments, without being executed, except the O, N, and G codes. (Fo
  • Page 71017.CUSTOM MACRO PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 17.6.4 Macro Call Using G Code By setting a G code number used to call a macro program in a parameter, the macro program can be called in the same way as for a simple call (G65). O0001 ; O9010 ; : : G81 X10.0 Y20.0 Z-10.0 ; : : : M30 ; N9 M99 ; Parameter No.7
  • Page 711B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 17.CUSTOM MACRO - Argument specification As with a simple call, two types of argument specification are available: Argument specificationIand argument specification II. The type of argument specification is determined automatically according to the addresses used. Limitation
  • Page 71217.CUSTOM MACRO PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 17.6.5 Macro Calls with G Codes (Specification of Multiple G Codes) By setting the first G code to be used for a macro program call, the number of the first program to be called, and the number of code and call combinations, macro calls can be defined with mu
  • Page 713B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 17.CUSTOM MACRO 17.6.6 Macro Calls with G Codes with the Decimal Point (Specification of Multiple G Codes) By setting the first G code with the decimal point to be used for a macro program call, the number of the first program to be called, and the number of code and call co
  • Page 71417.CUSTOM MACRO PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 17.6.7 Macro Call Using an M Code By setting an M code number used to call a macro program in a parameter, the macro program can be called in the same way as with a simple call (G65). O0001 ; O9020 ; : : M50 A1.0 B2.0 ; : : : M30 ; M99 ; Parameter No.7080=50
  • Page 715B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 17.CUSTOM MACRO 17.6.8 Macro Calls with M Codes with the Decimal Point (Specification of Multiple G Codes) By setting the first M code with the decimal point to be used for a macro program call, the number of the first program to be called, and the number of code and call co
  • Page 71617.CUSTOM MACRO PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 17.6.9 Subprogram Call Using an M Code By setting an M code number used to call a subprogram (macro program) in a parameter, the macro program can be called in the same way as with a subprogram call (M98). O0001 ; O9001 ; : : M03 ; : : : M30 ; M99 ; Parameter
  • Page 717B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 17.CUSTOM MACRO 17.6.10 Subprogram Call Using an M Code (Specification of Multiple G Codes) By setting the first M code to be used for a subprogram call, the number of the first program to be called, and the number of code and call combinations, subprogram calls can be defin
  • Page 71817.CUSTOM MACRO PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 17.6.11 Subprogram Calls Using a T Code By enabling subprograms (macro program) to be called with a T code in a parameter, a macro program can be called each time the T code is specified in the machining program. O0001 ; O9000 ; : : T23 ; : : : M30 ; M99 ; Pa
  • Page 719B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 17.CUSTOM MACRO 17.6.12 Subprogram Calls Using a S Code By enabling subprograms (macro program) to be called with a S code in a parameter, a macro program can be called each time the S code is specified in the machining program. O0001 ; O9029 ; : : S23 ; : : : M30 ; M99 ; Pa
  • Page 72017.CUSTOM MACRO PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 17.6.13 Subprogram Calls Using a 2nd Auxiliary Function Code By enabling subprograms (macro program) to be called with a 2nd auxiliary function code in a parameter, a macro program can be called each time the 2nd auxiliary function code is specified in the ma
  • Page 721B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 17.CUSTOM MACRO 17.6.14 Sample Program By using the subprogram call function that uses M codes, the cumulative usage time of each tool is measured. - Conditions - The cumulative usage time of each of tools T01 to T05 is measured. No measurement is made for tools with numbers
  • Page 72217.CUSTOM MACRO PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 - Program that calls a macro program O0001; T01 M06; M03; : M05; ..........................................Changes #501. T02 M06; M03; : M05; ..........................................Changes #502. T03 M06; M03; : M05; ........................................
  • Page 723B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 17.CUSTOM MACRO 17.7 PROCESSING MACRO STATEMENTS For smooth machining, the CNC prereads the NC statement to be performed next. This operation is referred to as buffering. In multi-buffer mode, which is specified by setting MBF (bit 6 of parameter No. 2401) to 1 or assumed in
  • Page 72417.CUSTOM MACRO PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 - Buffering the next block in other than cutter compensation mode (G41, G42) > N1 X100.0 ; N1 N4 NC statement execution N2 #1=100 ; N3 #2=200 ; N2 N3 Macro statement execution N4 Y200.0 ; Buffer N4 > : Block being executed : Block read into the buffer When N1
  • Page 725B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 17.CUSTOM MACRO 17.8 REGISTERING CUSTOM MACRO PROGRAMS Custom macro programs are similar to subprograms. They can be registered and edited in the same way as subprograms. The storage capacity is determined by the total length of tape used to store both custom macros and subp
  • Page 72617.CUSTOM MACRO PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 17.9 CODES AND RESERVED WORDS USED IN CUSTOM MACROS The following codes can be used in custom macro programs, in addition to the codes used in ordinary programs. Explanation - Codes (1) ISO codes (represented by hole patterns in tape) Meaning 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
  • Page 727B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 17.CUSTOM MACRO - Reserved words The following reserved words can be used in custom macros: AND, OR, XOR, MOD, EQ, NE, GT, LT, GE, LE , SIN, COS, TAN, ASIN, ACOS, ATAN, ATN, SQRT, SQR, ABS, BIN, BCD, ROUND, RND, FIX, FUP, LN, EXP, POW, ADP, IF, GOTO, WHILE, DO, END, BPRNT, D
  • Page 72817.CUSTOM MACRO PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 17.10 WRITE-PROTECTING COMMON VARIABLES By setting variable numbers for parameters Nos. 7029 to 7032, multiple common variables (#500 to #999 or #200 to #499) can be protected, with their attributes changed to READ-only. This protection is effective against i
  • Page 729B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 17.CUSTOM MACRO 17.11 DISPLAYING A MACRO ALARM AND MACRO MESSAGE IN JAPANESE Explanation Kanji, katakana and hiragana characters as well as alphanumeric characters and special characters can be displayed on the alarm screen and external operator message screen using system v
  • Page 73017.CUSTOM MACRO PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 17.12 EXTERNAL OUTPUT COMMANDS In addition to the standard custom macro commands, the following macro commands are available. They are referred to as external output commands. - BPRNT - DPRNT - POPEN - PCLOS These commands are provided to output variable valu
  • Page 731B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 17.CUSTOM MACRO (ii) All variables are stored with a decimal point. Specify a variable followed by the number of significant decimal places enclosed in brackets. A variable value is treated as 2-word (32-bit) data, including the decimal digits. It is output as binary data st
  • Page 73217.CUSTOM MACRO PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 - Data output command DPRNT DPRNT [ a #b [c d]...] Number of significant decimal places Number of significant digits in the integer part Variable Character The DPRNT command outputs characters and each digit in the value of a variable according to the code se
  • Page 733B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 17.CUSTOM MACRO Example) DPRNT [ X#2 [53] Y#5 [53] T#30 [20] ] Variable value #2=128.47398 #5=-91.2 #30=123.456 (1) Parameter PRT(No.7000#7)=0 LF T sp 23 Y- sp sp sp 91200 sp sp sp 128474 X (2) Parameter PRT(No.7000#7)=0 LF T23 Y-91.200 X128.474 - Close command PCLOS The PCL
  • Page 73417.CUSTOM MACRO PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 - Required setting Specify the specification number use for I/O device specification number . According to the specification of this data, set data items (such as the baud rate) for the reader/punch interface. Never specify the output device FANUC Cassette or
  • Page 735B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 17.CUSTOM MACRO 17.13 LIMITATIONS - Sequence number search A custom macro program cannot be searched for a sequence number. - Single block Even while a macro program is being executed, blocks can be stopped in the single block mode. A block containing a macro call command (G
  • Page 73617.CUSTOM MACRO PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 - Reset With a reset operation, local variables and common variables #100 to #199 are cleared to null values. They can be prevented from clearing by setting, CLV (bit 6 of parameter 7000). System variables #1000 to #1132 are not cleared. A reset operation cle
  • Page 737B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 17.CUSTOM MACRO 17.14 INTERRUPTION TYPE CUSTOM MACRO When a program is being executed, another program can be called by inputting an interrupt signal (UINT) from the machine. This function is referred to as an interruption type custom macro function. Program an interrupt com
  • Page 73817.CUSTOM MACRO PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 17.14.1 Specification Method Explanations - Interrupt conditions A custom macro interrupt is available only during program execution. It is enabled under the following conditions - When memory operation, DNC operation, or MDI operation is selected - When STL
  • Page 739B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 17.CUSTOM MACRO 17.14.2 Details of Functions Explanations - Subprogram-type interrupt and macro-type interrupt There are two types of custom macro interrupts: Subprogram-type interrupts and macro-type interrupts. The interrupt type used is selected by MSB (bit 1 of parameter
  • Page 74017.CUSTOM MACRO PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 Type I (when an interrupt is performed even in the middle of a block) (i) When the interrupt signal (UINT) is input, any movement or dwell being performed is stopped immediately and the interrupt program is executed. (ii) If there are NC statements in the int
  • Page 741B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 17.CUSTOM MACRO Type II (when an interrupt is performed at the end of the block) (i) If the block being executed is not a block that consists of several cycle operations such as a drilling canned cycle and automatic reference position return (G28), an interrupt is performed
  • Page 74217.CUSTOM MACRO PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 - Custom macro interrupt during execution of a block that involves cycle operation For type I Even when cycle operation is in progress, movement is interrupted, and the interrupt program is executed. If the interrupt program contains no NC statements, the cyc
  • Page 743B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 17.CUSTOM MACRO 1 0 Interrupt signal (UINT) Interrupt Interrupt Interrupt Interrupt execution execution execution execution Status-triggered scheme Interrupt execution Edge-triggered scheme Fig.17.14.2 (c) Custom macro interrupt signal - Return from a custom macro interrupt
  • Page 74417.CUSTOM MACRO PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 O1000 ; M96 P1234 ; Interrupt O1234 Interrupt Gxx Xxxxx ; Interrupt M99 ; M96 P5678 O5678 Interrupt M97 Gxx Xxxxx ; M96 ; M99 ; M97 Fig.17.14.2 (d) Return from a custom macro interrupt NOTE When an M99 block consists only of address O, N, P, L, or M, this blo
  • Page 745B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 17.CUSTOM MACRO - Custom macro interrupt and modal information A custom macro interrupt is different from a normal program call. It is initiated by an interrupt signal (UINT) during program execution. In general, any modifications of modal information made by the interrupt p
  • Page 74617.CUSTOM MACRO PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 Modal information when control is returned by M99 The modal information present before the interrupt becomes valid. The new modal information modified by the interrupt program is made invalid. Modal information when control is returned by M99 Qxxxxxxxx The ne
  • Page 747B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 17.CUSTOM MACRO Tool center path Interrupt generated B B’ A A’ Offset vector Programmed tool path - Custom macro interrupt and custom macro modal call When the interrupt signal (UINT) is input and an interrupt program is called, the custom macro modal call is canceled (G67).
  • Page 74817.CUSTOM MACRO PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 Cautions CAUTION 1 If the setting of bit 3 of parameter No. 7004 and the settings of parameter No. 7102 are changed, the changes will take effect the next time the power is turned on. 2 To perform programmable mirroring using these functions, set bits 3 and 4
  • Page 749B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 18.HIGH-SPEED CUTTING FUNCTICNS 18 HIGH-SPEED CUTTING FUNCTICNS - 725 -
  • Page 75018.HIGH-SPEED CUTTING FUNCTICNS PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 18.1 MULTIBUFFER (G05.1) While executing a block, the CNC usually calculates the next block to convert it to an applicable data form for execution (executable form). This feature is called buffering. The multi-buffer function increases the num
  • Page 751B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 18.HIGH-SPEED CUTTING FUNCTICNS Code Function *1 G52 Local coordinate system setting M00 Program stop M01 Optional stop M02 End of program M30 End of program In addition, M codes to suppress buffering can be set with parameters. (No.2411-2418) *1 To specify G52 as a G code t
  • Page 75218.HIGH-SPEED CUTTING FUNCTICNS PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 NOTE 2 If many small blocks are specified in succession, an interruption in pulse distribution may occur between blocks. Such an interruption can be prevented if the time for executing blocks read in advance is longer than the time required fo
  • Page 753B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 18.HIGH-SPEED CUTTING FUNCTICNS NOTE 6 Processing performed at buffering The following processes performed at buffering are also performed at buffering in the multibuffer mode (1) Tool selection according to tool life management (2) Input of the park signal (Example) N1 G01
  • Page 75418.HIGH-SPEED CUTTING FUNCTICNS PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 18.2 DECELERATION BASED ON ACCELERATION DURING CIRCULAR INTERPOLATION Y ∆r : Error ∆r : Maximum radial error (mm) v : Feedrate (mm/sec) Programmed path r : Arc radius (mm) a : Acceleration (mm/sec2) Actual path T1 : Time constant (s) for expon
  • Page 755B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 18.HIGH-SPEED CUTTING FUNCTICNS If the radius of the arc is small, the calculated deceleration speed v may become very small. To prevent the feedrate from becoming too low, the minimum feedrate can be specified in a parameter. The following parameters are used to specify the
  • Page 75618.HIGH-SPEED CUTTING FUNCTICNS PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 18.3 ADVANCED PREVIEW CONTROL(G05.1) With the FANUC Series 15i, the look-ahead acceleration/deceleration before interpolation function is used for high-speed, high-precision machining, instead of advanced preview control. The look-ahead accele
  • Page 757B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 18.HIGH-SPEED CUTTING FUNCTICNS 18.4 LOOK-AHEAD ACCELERATION/DECELERATION BEFORE INTERPOLATION (G05.1) This function is designed to achieve high-speed, high-precision machining with a program including a combination of straight lines and arcs, like those used for parts machi
  • Page 75818.HIGH-SPEED CUTTING FUNCTICNS PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 - Fine high precision contour control (fine HPCC) When the fine HPCC option is selected, fine HPCC mode is also set when look-ahead acceleration/deceleration before interpolation mode is set. - Dry run If the dry run signal switches from 0 to
  • Page 759B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 18.HIGH-SPEED CUTTING FUNCTICNS Limitation - Condition for performing look-ahead acceleration/deceleration before interpolation Even if look-ahead acceleration/deceleration before interpolation mode is specified, look-ahead acceleration/deceleration before interpolation is n
  • Page 76018.HIGH-SPEED CUTTING FUNCTICNS PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 18.4.1 Bell-Shaped Acceleration/Deceleration Time Constant Change In Look-ahead bell-shaped acceleration/deceleration before interpolation, the speed during acceleration/deceleration is as shown in the figure below. Linear Speed acceleration/d
  • Page 761B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 18.HIGH-SPEED CUTTING FUNCTICNS If linear acceleration/deceleration not reaching the specified acceleration occurs as shown above, this function shortens the acceleration/deceleration time by changing the internal acceleration for acceleration/deceleration before interpolati
  • Page 76218.HIGH-SPEED CUTTING FUNCTICNS PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 Explanation - Specifying the speed in a G05.1 Q1 block If an F command is used in a G05.1Q1 block, the speed specified with the F command is assumed the acceleration/deceleration reference speed. This reference speed is not stored in any of pa
  • Page 763B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 18.HIGH-SPEED CUTTING FUNCTICNS - Setting the speed on the High-speed High-precision Machining Setting Screen If the reference speed for each machining mode is set on the High- speed High-precision Machining Setting Screen, the acceleration/ deceleration reference speed for
  • Page 76418.HIGH-SPEED CUTTING FUNCTICNS PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 - Using the speed specified with the F command issued at the start of cutting as the reference speed The speed specified with the F command issued when a cutting block group (such as G01 and G02) starts is assumed the acceleration/ deceleratio
  • Page 765B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 18.HIGH-SPEED CUTTING FUNCTICNS (Example 2) The reference speed specified for a parameter (No. 1473, 1539, 1559, or 1579) is used (the value specified for the parameter is not 0) G05.1 Q1 R3 F9000 ; Selects machining mode 3 (roughing). Sets the reference speed to 9000 mm/min
  • Page 76618.HIGH-SPEED CUTTING FUNCTICNS PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 (1) If the bell-shaped acceleration/deceleration before interpolation time constant T2' is calculated under the condition that the bell- shaped acceleration/deceleration before interpolation on the reference axis must not have a linear portion
  • Page 767B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 18.HIGH-SPEED CUTTING FUNCTICNS 18.5 FINE HPCC (G05.1) This function is designed to achieve high-speed, high-precision machining with a program involving a sequence of very small straight lines and NURBS curved lines, like those used for metal die machining. This function ca
  • Page 76818.HIGH-SPEED CUTTING FUNCTICNS PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 With the fine HPCC function, the additional functions listed below can be used to achieve high-speed, high-precision machining for very small straight lines and NURBS curved lines: 1) Feedrate determination based on acceleration on each axis 2
  • Page 769B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 18.HIGH-SPEED CUTTING FUNCTICNS NOTE 1 Always specify G05P10000 and G01P0 as a pair. Fine HPCC mode, after being turned on by G05.1Q1, cannot be turned off by G05P0. Fine HPCC mode, after being turned on by G05P10000, cannot be turned off by G05.1Q0. 2 Setting the MBF bit (b
  • Page 77018.HIGH-SPEED CUTTING FUNCTICNS PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 18.6 MACHINING TYPE IN HPCC SCREEN PROGRAMMING (G05.1 OR G10) General The high-speed high-precision machining setting screen supports three machining parameter sets (FINE, MEDIUM, and ROUGH). The parameter set to use can be selected in MDI mod
  • Page 771B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 18.HIGH-SPEED CUTTING FUNCTICNS - Program example O12345678 G05.1 Q1 R3 Operation is performed with "rough machining" settings. G05.1 Q1 R2 Operation is performed with "semifinish machining" settings. G10 L80 R1 Operation is performed with "finish" machining. G05.1 Q0 M30 -
  • Page 77218.HIGH-SPEED CUTTING FUNCTICNS PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 18.7 JERK CONTROL Overview Look-ahead acceleration/deceleration before interpolation and fine HPCC, which are high-speed, high-precision machine functions, perform speed control in such a way that the rate of change of acceleration (jerk) will
  • Page 773B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 18.HIGH-SPEED CUTTING FUNCTICNS Reference item Series15i/150i-B Connection Manual 7.2.2 Look-ahead (this manual) acceleration/deceleration (B-63783EN-1) before interpolation FANUC Series Operator’s Manual II-18.4 Look-ahead 15i/150i-MB (Programming) acceleration/deceleration
  • Page 77419.AXIS CONTROL FUNCTIONS PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 19 AXIS CONTROL FUNCTIONS - 750 -
  • Page 775B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 19.AXIS CONTROL FUNCTIONS 19.1 AXIS INTERCHANGE The machine axis on which the tool actually moves with the X, Y, or Z command specified by memory, DNC, or MDI operation can be changed by using the setting data (No. 1049) or the switches on the machine operator's panel. This
  • Page 77619.AXIS CONTROL FUNCTIONS PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 (2) Specification with the switches on the machine operator's panel For an explanation of using the panel switches, refer to the manual provided by the machine tool builder. The relationships between the specification with the setting data and that
  • Page 777B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 19.AXIS CONTROL FUNCTIONS Example When axis interchange is performed, the addresses specified with a program command are changed according to the axis interchange number before the command is executed. Example) If interchange number 4 is specified Command block : G00 X100.0
  • Page 77819.AXIS CONTROL FUNCTIONS PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 19.2 TWIN TABLE CONTROL Two specified axes can be switched to synchronous, independent, or normal operation, using the appropriate switches on the machine operator's panel. The following operating modes are applicable to machines having two tables d
  • Page 779B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 19.AXIS CONTROL FUNCTIONS - Independent operation This mode is used to machine a small workpiece on either of the two tables. The move command specified for the master axis can determine the movement along the master or slave axis. (1) Command Yyyyy specified for the master
  • Page 78019.AXIS CONTROL FUNCTIONS PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 - Automatic reference position return check When the automatic reference position return check command (G27) is issued during synchronous operation, the V axis and Y axis move in tandem. If both the Y axis and the V axis have reached their respectiv
  • Page 781B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 19.AXIS CONTROL FUNCTIONS - Synchronous deviation compensation Synchronous deviation compensation cannot be performed. This would constantly monitor the master axis and a slave axis for any servo position deviation difference and compensate the servo motor of the slave axis
  • Page 78219.AXIS CONTROL FUNCTIONS PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 19.2.1 Tool Length Compensation in Tool Axis Direction with Twin Table Control For a machine that applies twin table control to two heads, tool length compensation along the tool axis can be performed simultaneously for both heads (synchronous opera
  • Page 783B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 19.AXIS CONTROL FUNCTIONS - Switching between synchronous and independent operation (1) Synchronous operation Tool length compensation along the tool axis performs simultaneously for both heads. The compensation value calculated using the positions of the master rotation axe
  • Page 78419.AXIS CONTROL FUNCTIONS PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 Restrictions - Changing the tool length compensation value along the tool axis The tool length compensation value along the tool axis can be changed for both synchronous and independent operation by three-dimensional handle interruption. In synchron
  • Page 785B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 19.AXIS CONTROL FUNCTIONS 19.3 SYNCHRONIZATION CONTROL When one axis is driven by two servo motors as in the case of a large gantry machine, a command for one axis can drive two motors synchronously. Moreover, for synchronization error compensation, feedback information from
  • Page 78619.AXIS CONTROL FUNCTIONS PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 19.4 TANDEM CONTROL When enough torque for driving a large table cannot be produced by only one motor, two motors can be used for movement along a single axis. Positioning is performed by the main motor only. The sub motor is used only to produce to
  • Page 787B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 19.AXIS CONTROL FUNCTIONS 19.5 CHOPPING FUNCTION (G80,G81.1) When contour grinding is performed, the chopping function can be used to grind the side face of a workpiece. By means of this function, while the grinding axis (the axis with the grinding wheel) is being moved vert
  • Page 78819.AXIS CONTROL FUNCTIONS PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 - Chopping with the switch on the machine operator's panel Before starting chopping, set the chopping axis, reference position, top dead point, bottom dead point, and chopping feedrate from the parameter screen. Refer to the manual provided by the m
  • Page 789B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 19.AXIS CONTROL FUNCTIONS - Chopping after the upper dead point or lower dead point has been changed When the upper dead point or lower dead point is changed while chopping is being performed, the tool moves to the position specified by the old data. Then, chopping is contin
  • Page 79019.AXIS CONTROL FUNCTIONS PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 (3) When the upper dead point is changed during movement from the lower dead point to the upper dead point New upper dead point Previous upper dead point Changing the upper dead point Previous lower dead point The tool first moves to the previous up
  • Page 791B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 19.AXIS CONTROL FUNCTIONS - Chopping delay compensation function When high-speed chopping is performed with the grinding axis, a servo delay and acceleration/deceleration delay occur. These delays prevent the tool from actually reaching the specified position. The CNC measur
  • Page 79219.AXIS CONTROL FUNCTIONS PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 - Mode switching during chopping If the mode is changed during chopping, chopping does not stop. In manual mode, the chopping axis cannot be moved manually. It can, however, be moved manually by means of the manual interrupt. - Reset during chopping
  • Page 793B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 19.AXIS CONTROL FUNCTIONS - Three-dimensional coordinate conversion This function is not effective in three-dimensional coordinate conversion mode. Before starting this function, therefore, cancel three-dimensional coordinate system conversion mode. - PMC axis When a choppin
  • Page 79419.AXIS CONTROL FUNCTIONS PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 19.6 PARALLEL AXIS CONTROL When a machine having two or more heads or tables is used to simultaneously machine two or more identical workpieces, parallel operation is executed. In parallel operation, the move command specified for a programmed axis
  • Page 795B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 19.AXIS CONTROL FUNCTIONS Explanation - Selection of the coordinate system in parallel axes An individual offset from the workpiece reference point can be specified for each of the control axes represented by a single programmed axis. The coordinate systems of the control ax
  • Page 79619.AXIS CONTROL FUNCTIONS PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 (f) Automatic return from the reference position(G29) Positions the tool to the specified position on each axis via the mid point. (Example)G91 G29 X30. Y50.; - Tool length compensation and tool offset in parallel axes Tool length compensation can b
  • Page 797B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 19.AXIS CONTROL FUNCTIONS - Amounts of travel on parallel axes The amounts of travel on parallel axes differ depending on whether the command is incremental or absolute. (1) For an incremental command - Rapid traverse and linear interpolation The amounts of travel on all par
  • Page 79819.AXIS CONTROL FUNCTIONS PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 Limitation - Synchronous control and twin table control Of the parallel axes with the same axis name, that having the smallest controlled axis number is called the master axis. Axes other than the master axis are called slave axes. When synchronous
  • Page 799B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 19.AXIS CONTROL FUNCTIONS 19.7 ROTARY AXIS ROLL-OVER The roll-over function prevents the coordinate of the rotary axis from overflowing because it converts the coordinate to a rotation angle of less than 360 degrees. The roll-over function is enabled by setting bit 2 of para
  • Page 80019.AXIS CONTROL FUNCTIONS PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 - Example of rollover with a manual intervention amount When this function is used in the absolute mode, if the manual absolute switch is turned on to make a manual intervention during automatic operation the manual intervention is converted to the
  • Page 801B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 19.AXIS CONTROL FUNCTIONS 19.8 MULTIPLE ROTARY CONTROL AXIS FUNCTION Explanation A rotary axis is specified in the ROT bit (bit 1 of parameter 1008). When incremental programming is specified for the rotary axis, a specified value directly determines the travel distance. Whe
  • Page 80219.AXIS CONTROL FUNCTIONS PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 (2) When the RSR bit (bit 2 of parameter 1007) is set to 0 and the INC bit (bit 5 of parameter 1007) is set to 1 The shortest way to make the movement of (1) is selected. [Example] G90B0 ; Movement to the 0-degree position G90B380. ; Rotation by 20
  • Page 803B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 19.AXIS CONTROL FUNCTIONS 19.9 ELECTRONIC GEAR BOX (G80, G81, G80.5, G81.5) The Electronic Gear Box is a function for rotating a workpiece in sync with a rotating tool, or to move a tool in sync with a rotating workpiece. With this function, the high-precision machining of g
  • Page 80419.AXIS CONTROL FUNCTIONS PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 19.9.1 Command Specification (G80.5, G81.5) Format ìTt ü ì βj ü G81.5 í ý í β 0 Ll ý ; Synchronization started î Pp þ î þ Amount of travel Amount of travel relative to the relative to the master axis slave axis G80.5 β 0 ; Synchronization canceled E
  • Page 805B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 19.AXIS CONTROL FUNCTIONS CAUTION 1 During synchronization, movements for the slave axis and other axes can be specified by programming. Note, however, that a move command must be specified in incremental mode. 2 G27, G28, G29, G30, G30.1, G33, or G53 cannot be specified for
  • Page 80619.AXIS CONTROL FUNCTIONS PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 19.9.2 Command Specification Compatible with Hobbing Machine (G80,G81) Synchronization can be specified in the same way as the operation of a hobbing machine is specified. When the canned cycle option is specified, this specification method cannot b
  • Page 807B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 19.AXIS CONTROL FUNCTIONS NOTE While synchronization specified by the method compatible with hobbing machine is in progress, feed per revolution is performed according to the rotation speed about the slave axis of synchronization. - End of synchronization The synchronization
  • Page 80819.AXIS CONTROL FUNCTIONS PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 - Direction of helical gear compensation About HDR bit (bit 2 of parameter 7612) When the HDR bit is set to 1 (a) (b) (c) (d) +Z +C +C +C +C C : +, Z : +, P : + C : +, Z : +, P : - C : +, Z : -, P : + C : +, Z : -, P : - Compensation direction : + C
  • Page 809B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 19.AXIS CONTROL FUNCTIONS 19.9.3 Example of Controlled Axis Configuration - Gear grinder Spindle : EGB master axis: Tool axis First axis : X Second axis : Y Third axis : C-axis (EGB slave axis: Workpiece axis) Fourth axis : C-axis (EGB dummy axis: Not usable as an ordinary c
  • Page 81019.AXIS CONTROL FUNCTIONS PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 19.9.4 Sample Programs - When the master axis is the spindle, and the slave axis is the C-axis 1. G81.5 T10 C0 L1 ; Synchronization between the master axis and C-axis is started at the ratio of one rotation about the C-axis to ten rotations about th
  • Page 811B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 19.AXIS CONTROL FUNCTIONS - When two groups of axes are synchronized simultaneously Based on the controlled axis configuration described in II-1.1.3, the sample program below synchronizes the spindle with the V-axis while the spindle is synchronized with the C-axis. O0100 ;
  • Page 81219.AXIS CONTROL FUNCTIONS PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 - Dressing Dressing on a gear grinding machine configured as illustrated below U-axis Grinding wheel V-axis V-axis motor Limit switch 1 Limit switch 2 O9500 ; N01 G01 G91 U_ F100 ; Approach along the dressing axis N02 Maa S100 ; With Maa, the PMC ro
  • Page 813B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 19.AXIS CONTROL FUNCTIONS - Command specification for hobbing machines Based on the controlled axis configuration described in Section 19.9.5, the sample program below sets the C-axis (in parameter 5995) for starting synchronization with the spindle according to the command
  • Page 81419.AXIS CONTROL FUNCTIONS PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 19.9.5 Synchronization Ratio Specification Range The programmed ratio (synchronization ratio) of a movement along the slave axis to a movement along the master axis is converted to a detection unit ratio inside the NC. If such converted data (detect
  • Page 815B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 19.AXIS CONTROL FUNCTIONS (1) When the master axis is the spindle, and the slave axis is the C-axis (a) Command : G81.5 T10 C0 L1 ; Operation : Synchronization between the spindle and C-axis is started at the ratio of one rotation about the C-axis to ten spindle rotations. P
  • Page 81619.AXIS CONTROL FUNCTIONS PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 (d) Command : G81.5 T10 C3.263 ; Operation : Synchronization between the spindle and C-axis is started at the ratio of a 3.263-degree rotation about the C-axis to ten spindle rotations. Pm : (Number of pulses per spindle rotation) × 10 rotations → 7
  • Page 817B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 19.AXIS CONTROL FUNCTIONS (b) For a millimeter machine and inch input Command :G81.5 T1 V1.0 ; Operation : Synchronization between the spindle and V-axis is started at the ratio of a 1.0 inch movement (25.4 mm) along the V-axis per spindle rotation. Pm : (Number of pulses pe
  • Page 81819.AXIS CONTROL FUNCTIONS PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 (1) When the master axis is the spindle, and the slave axis is the C-axis (a) Command : G81.5 T1 C3.263 ; Operation : Synchronization between the spindle and C-axis is started at the ratio of a 3.263-degree rotation about the C-axis per spindle rota
  • Page 819B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 19.AXIS CONTROL FUNCTIONS 19.9.6 Retract Function - Retract function by an external signal When the retract switch on the machine operator's panel is turned on, retraction and feedrate are made by the amount specified in parameter 7796 and 7795. When the retract amount is se
  • Page 82019.AXIS CONTROL FUNCTIONS PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 - Processing of the retract function by a servo/spindle alarm Failure on servo axis Failure on spindle Failure in servo amplifier Failure in spindle amplifier Spindle deceleration started Spindle deceleration started : PMC : Spindle amplifier Moveme
  • Page 821B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 19.AXIS CONTROL FUNCTIONS 19.9.7 Electronic Gear Box Automatic Phase Synchronization When synchronization start or cancellation is specified, the EGB (Electronic Gear Box) function does not immediately start or cancel synchronization. Instead, it performs acceleration or dec
  • Page 82219.AXIS CONTROL FUNCTIONS PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 Explanation - Acceleration/deceleration type Spindle speed Synchronization start command Synchronization cancel command Workpiece axis speed Acceleration Synchronous state Deceleration 1. Starting synchronization When synchronization is started, the
  • Page 823B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 19.AXIS CONTROL FUNCTIONS 2. Canceling synchronization Deceleration starts according to the acceleration rate set in the parameter (No. 7729). CAUTION The automatic phase matching speed is specified in parameter 5984 while the travel direction is specified in the PHD bit (bi
  • Page 82419.AXIS CONTROL FUNCTIONS PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 Example - Acceleration/deceleration type M03 ; Clockwise spindle rotation command G81 T_ L_ R1 ; Synchronization start command G00 X_ ; Positions the workpiece at the machining position. Machining in the synchronous state G00 X_ ; Retract the workpi
  • Page 825B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 19.AXIS CONTROL FUNCTIONS 19.10 SKIP FUNCTION FOR EGB AXIS (G31.8) This function validates a skip signal or high-speed skip signal (both referred to as the skip signal) for the EGB slave axis in the synchronization mode set by the EGB (Electronic Gear Box) function. This fun
  • Page 82619.AXIS CONTROL FUNCTIONS PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 After 200 times of skip signal inputs, 200 skip positions of A axis corresponding to each skip signal input are set in the custom macro variables whose numbers are from 500 to 699. And the times of skip signal input is set in the custom macro variab
  • Page 827B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 19.AXIS CONTROL FUNCTIONS 19.11 TOOL WITHDRAWAL AND RETURN (G10.6) To replace the tool damaged during machining or to check the status of machining, the tool can be withdrawn from a workpiece. The tool can then be advanced again to restart machining efficiently. The tool wit
  • Page 82819.AXIS CONTROL FUNCTIONS PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 Format Specify a retraction axis and distance in the following format: Specify the amount of retraction, using G10.6. G10.6 IP_; IP_ : In incremental mode, retraction distance from the position where the retract signal is turned on In the absolute m
  • Page 829B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 19.AXIS CONTROL FUNCTIONS - Repositioning When the cycle start button is pressed while the tool is in the retraction position, the tool moves to the position where the TOOL WITHDRAW switch was turned on. This operation is called repositioning. Upon completion of repositionin
  • Page 83019.AXIS CONTROL FUNCTIONS PROGRAMMING B-63784EN/01 19.12 HIGH SPEED HRV MODE Overview Higher speed and higher precision HIGH SPEED HRV control can be performed by using the servo control card, the servo amplifier, and Separate Detector I/F Unit supporting HIGH SPEED HRV control. Format G05.4 Q1 ; Tu
  • Page 831B-63784EN/01 PROGRAMMING 19.AXIS CONTROL FUNCTIONS Restrictions HIGH SPEED HRV mode is disabled under any of the following conditions, even if an attempt is made to turn it on: - Automatic operation is stopped - PMC axis control axis - Axis on which a chopping operation is in progress - Axis for whi
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  • Page 833APPENDI
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  • Page 835B-63784EN/01 APPENDIX A.TAPE CODE LIST A IBC Code TAPE CODE LIST EIA Code Meaning Character 8 7 6 1 4 3 2 1 Character 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 O  0 O  Number 0 1 O O O O O 1  O Number 1 2 O O  O 2  O Number 2 3 O O  O O 3 O  O O Number 3 4 O O  O 4  O Number 4 5 O O  O O 5 O  O O Number 5 6 O 
  • Page 836A.TAPE CODE LIST APPENDIX B-63784EN/01 ISO code EIA code Meaning Character 8 7 6 1 4 3 2 1 Character 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 DEL O O O O O O O O Del O O O O O O O Delete (deleting a mispunch) NUL  Blank  No punch. With EIA code, this code cannot be used in a significant information section. BS O O  BS
  • Page 837B-63784EN/01 APPENDIX A.TAPE CODE LIST NOTE 1 *:Codes with an asterisk that are entered in a comment area are read into memory. When entered in a significant data area, these codes are ignored. x: Codes with an x are ignored. ?:Codes with a question mark are ignored when entered in a significant dat
  • Page 838B.LIST OF FUNCTION AND TAPE FORMAT APPENDIX B-63784EN/01 B LIST OF FUNCTION AND TAPE FORMAT The symbols in the list represent the following. IP _ : X _ Y _ Z _ A _ As seen above, the format consists of a combination of arbitary axis addresses among X, Y, Z, A, B, C, U, V, and W x : First basic axis
  • Page 839B-63784EN/01 APPENDIX B.LIST OF FUNCTION AND TAPE FORMAT Functions Illustration Tape format Helical interpolation Intermediate point G02.4 Xp_ Yp_ Zp_ α_ β_ ; (Intermediate point) (G02, G03) (x 1y 1z 1) End point Xp_ Yp_ Zp_ α_ β_ ; (End point) (x 2y 2z 2) Start or point G03.4 Xp_ Yp_ Zp_ α_ β_ ; (I
  • Page 840B.LIST OF FUNCTION AND TAPE FORMAT APPENDIX B-63784EN/01 Functions Illustration Tape format Stored stroke check (G22, 23) (XYZ) G22 X_ Y_ Z_ I_ J_ K_ ; G23 ; Cancel (IJK) Reference position return IP G27 IP_ ; check (G27) Start point Reference position return (G28) Reference position (G28) G28 IP_ ;
  • Page 841B-63784EN/01 APPENDIX B.LIST OF FUNCTION AND TAPE FORMAT Functions Illustration Tape format Tool offset G 45 Increase G45 (G45 to G48) G46 IP_ D_ ; G 46 IP Decrease G47 G48 Double G 47 increase D : Tool offset number G 48 IP Double decrease Offset value Scaling (G50, G51) P4 P3 G51 IP_ P_ ; P4' P3'
  • Page 842B.LIST OF FUNCTION AND TAPE FORMAT APPENDIX B-63784EN/01 Functions Illustration Tape format Coordinate system rotation G17 Xp_ Yp_ Y G68 G18 Zp_ Xp_ Rα; (G68, G69) G19 Yp_ Zp_ α G69 ; Cancel (x y) X (In case of X-Y plane) Canned cycles Refer to II.13. FUNCTIONS TO G80 ; Cancel (G73, G74, G80 to G89)
  • Page 843B-63784EN/01 APPENDIX C.RANGE OF COMMAND VALUE C RANGE OF COMMAND VALUE Linear axis - in case of metric thread for feed screw and metric input Increment system IS-A IS-B IS-C IS-D IS-E Least input increment 0.01 0.001 0.0001 0.00001 0.000001 (mm) Least command 0.01 0.001 0.0001 0.00001 0.000001 incr
  • Page 844C.RANGE OF COMMAND VALUE APPENDIX B-63784EN/01 - in case of metric threads for feed screw and inch input Increment system IS-A IS-B IS-C IS-D IS-E Least input increment 0.001 0.0001 0.00001 0.000001 0.0000001 (inch) Least command 0.001 0.0001 0.00001 0.000001 0.0000001 increment (inch) Max. programm
  • Page 845B-63784EN/01 APPENDIX C.RANGE OF COMMAND VALUE - in case of inch thread for feed screw and metric input) Increment system IS-A IS-B IS-C IS-D IS-E Least input increment 0.01 0.001 0.0001 0.00001 0.000001 (mm) Least command 0.01 0.001 0.0001 0.00001 0.000001 increment (mm) Max. programmable ±999,999.
  • Page 846C.RANGE OF COMMAND VALUE APPENDIX B-63784EN/01 NOTE *1 The feed rate range shown above are limitations depending on CNC interpolation capacity. When regarded as a whole system, limitations, depending on the servo system, must also be considered. *2 Incremental feed amount can be specified by setting
  • Page 847B-63784EN/01 APPENDIX D.NOMOGRAPHS D NOMOGRAPHS - 823 -
  • Page 848D.NOMOGRAPHS APPENDIX B-63784EN/01 D.1 INCORRECT THREADED LENGTH The leads of a thread are generally incorrect in δ1 and δ2, as shown in Fig. D.1 (a), due to automatic acceleration and deceleration. Thus distance allowances must be made to the extent of δ1 and δ2 in the program. δ1 δ2 Fig. D.1(a) In
  • Page 849B-63784EN/01 APPENDIX D.NOMOGRAPHS The lead at the beginning of thread cutting is shorter than the specified lead L, and the allowable lead error is DL. Then as follows. ∆L α= L When the value of HaI is determined, the time lapse until the thread accuracy is attained. The time HtI is substituted in
  • Page 850D.NOMOGRAPHS APPENDIX B-63784EN/01 D.2 SIMPLE CALCULATION OF INCORRECT THREAD LENGTH δ2 δ1 Fig. D.2(a) Incorrect threaded portion Explanations - How to determine δ2 LR δ2 = ( mm) 1800 * R : Spindle speed (min-1) L : Thread lead (mm) * When time constant T of the servo system is 0.033 s. - How to det
  • Page 851B-63784EN/01 APPENDIX D.NOMOGRAPHS Examples R=350 min-1 L=1mm a=0.01 then 350 × 1 δ2 = = 0.194( mm ) 1800 δ1 = δ 2 × 3.605 = 0.701( mm) - Reference V: speed in thread cutting Servo time constant Metric thread JIS class 1 Lead L JIS class 1 Undefied thread Lead L JIS 2 A Rudges/inch JIS 3 A Rudges /i
  • Page 852D.NOMOGRAPHS APPENDIX B-63784EN/01 D.3 TOOL PATH AT CORNER When servo system delay (by exponential acceleration/deceleration at cutting or caused by the positioning system when a servo motor is used) is accompanied by cornering, a slight deviation is produced between the tool path (tool center path)
  • Page 853B-63784EN/01 APPENDIX D.NOMOGRAPHS Analysis The tool path shown in Fig. D.3 (b) is analyzed based on the following conditions: Feedrate is constant at both blocks before and after cornering. The controller has a buffer register. (The error differs with the reading speed of the tape reader, number of
  • Page 854D.NOMOGRAPHS APPENDIX B-63784EN/01 - Initial value calculation 0 Y0 V X0 Fig. D.3(c) Initial value The initial value when cornering begins, that is, the X and Y coordinates at the end of command distribution by the controller, is determined by the feedrate and the positioning system time constant of
  • Page 855B-63784EN/01 APPENDIX D.NOMOGRAPHS D.4 RADIUS DIRECTION ERROR AT CIRCLE CUTTING When a servo motor is used, the positioning system causes an error between input commands and output results. Since the tool advances along the specified segment, an error is not produced in linear interpolation. In circ
  • Page 856E.TABLE OF KANJI AND HIRAGANA CODES APPENDIX B-63784EN/01 E TABLE OF KANJI AND HIRAGANA CODES - Table of Katakana codes - Table of Kanji and Hiragana codes - 832 -
  • Page 857B-63784EN/01 APPENDIX E.TABLE OF KANJI AND HIRAGANA CODES - 833 -
  • Page 858E.TABLE OF KANJI AND HIRAGANA CODES APPENDIX B-63784EN/01 - 834 -
  • Page 859B-63784EN/01 APPENDIX E.TABLE OF KANJI AND HIRAGANA CODES - 835 -
  • Page 860E.TABLE OF KANJI AND HIRAGANA CODES APPENDIX B-63784EN/01 - 836 -
  • Page 861B-63784EN/01 APPENDIX E.TABLE OF KANJI AND HIRAGANA CODES - 837 -
  • Page 862E.TABLE OF KANJI AND HIRAGANA CODES APPENDIX B-63784EN/01 - 838 -
  • Page 863B-63784EN/01 APPENDIX E.TABLE OF KANJI AND HIRAGANA CODES - 839 -
  • Page 864F.ALARM LIST APPENDIX B-63784EN/01 F ALARM LIST - 840 -
  • Page 865B-63784EN/01 APPENDIX F.ALARM LIST F.1 PS ALARM (ALARMS RELATED TO PROGRAM) Number Message Contents PS0001 AXIS CONTROL MODE ILLEGAL Illegal axis control mode PS0003 TOO MANY DIGIT Data entered with more digits than permitted in the NC instruction word. The number of permissible digits varies accord
  • Page 866F.ALARM LIST APPENDIX B-63784EN/01 Number Message Contents PS0090 DUPLICATE NC,MACRO An NC statement and macro statement were specified in STATEMENT the same block. PS0091 DUPLICATE SUB-CALL WORD More than one subprogram call instruction was specified in the same block. PS0092 DUPLICATE MACRO-CALL W
  • Page 867B-63784EN/01 APPENDIX F.ALARM LIST Number Message Contents PS0124 MISSING DO STATEMENT The DO instruction corresponding to the END instruction was missing in a custom macro. PS0125 ILLEGAL EXPRESSION FORMAT The format used in an expression in a custom macro statement is in error. The parameter tape
  • Page 868F.ALARM LIST APPENDIX B-63784EN/01 Number Message Contents PS0160 COMMAND DATA OVERFLOW An overflow occurred in the storage length of the CNC internal data. This alarm is also generated when the result of internal calculation of scaling, coordinate rotation and cylindrical interpolation overflows th
  • Page 869B-63784EN/01 APPENDIX F.ALARM LIST Number Message Contents PS0194 ZERO RETURN END NOT ON REF The axis specified in automatic zero return was not at the correct zero point when positioning was completed. Perform zero return from a point whose distance from the zero return start position to the zero p
  • Page 870F.ALARM LIST APPENDIX B-63784EN/01 Number Message Contents PS0272 CRC:INTERFERENCE The depth of the cut is too great during cutter compensation. Check the program. The criteria for judging interference are as follows: (1) The direction of movement of the programmed block differs from the direction o
  • Page 871B-63784EN/01 APPENDIX F.ALARM LIST Number Message Contents PS0302 ILLEGAL DATA NUMBER A non-existent data No. was found while loading parameters or pitch error compensation data from a tape or by entry of the G10 parameter. This alarm is also generated when illegal word values are found. An invalid
  • Page 872F.ALARM LIST APPENDIX B-63784EN/01 Number Message Contents PS0415 G37 MEASURING POSITION The measurement position arrival signal became "1" before REACHED SIGNAL IS NOT or after the area specified by parameter No. 7331 in PROPERLY INPUT automatic tool length measurement (G37). PS0421 SETTING COMMAND
  • Page 873B-63784EN/01 APPENDIX F.ALARM LIST Number Message Contents PS0449 ILLEGAL TOOL LIFE DATA Tool life management data is damaged for some reason. Reload the tool group and the corresponding tool data by G10 L3; or MDI input. PS0450 IN PMC AXIS MODE The PMC axis control mode, the CNC issued a move instr
  • Page 874F.ALARM LIST APPENDIX B-63784EN/01 Number Message Contents PS0540 ADDRESS E OVERFLOW The speed obtained by applying override to the E (OVERRIDE) instruction is too fast. PS0541 S-CODE ZERO "0" has been instructed as the S code. PS0542 FEED ZERO (E-CODE) "0" has been instructed as the feedrate (E cod
  • Page 875B-63784EN/01 APPENDIX F.ALARM LIST Number Message Contents PS0592 END OF RECORD The EOR (End of Record) code is specified in the middle of a block. This alarm is also generated when the percentage at the end of the NC program is read. PS0593 EGB PARAMETER SETTING ERROR Erroneous EGB parameter settin
  • Page 876F.ALARM LIST APPENDIX B-63784EN/01 Number Message Contents PS0625 TOO MANY G68 NESTING 3-dimensional coordinate conversion was specified more than twice. Cancel 3-dimensional coordinate conversion before executing new coordinate conversion. PS0626 G68 FORMAT ERROR There is a format error in the 3-di
  • Page 877B-63784EN/01 APPENDIX F.ALARM LIST Number Message Contents PS0807 PARAMETER SETTING ERROR An I/O interface option that has not yet been added on was specified. The external I/O device and baud rate, stop bit and protocol selection settings are erroneous. PS0808 DEVICE DOUBLE OPENED An attempt was ma
  • Page 878F.ALARM LIST APPENDIX B-63784EN/01 Number Message Contents PS0991 SPL:ILLEGAL COMMAND A G06.1 code was specified in a G code mode in which the instruction is not supported. PS0992 SPL:ILLEGAL AXIS MOVING Movement was specified for an axis other than those used for spline interpolation. This alarm is
  • Page 879B-63784EN/01 APPENDIX F.ALARM LIST Number Message Contents PS1070 ILLEGAL USE OF G41.5/G42.5 The parameters related to three-dimensional cutter compensation for rotary table are not specified properly. An attempt was made to issue the G39 command in the mode of three-dimensional cutter compensation
  • Page 880F.ALARM LIST APPENDIX B-63784EN/01 F.2 BG ALARM (ALARMS RELATED TO BACKGROUND EDIT) Number Message Contents BG0590 TH ERROR A TH error was detected during reading from an input device. The read code that caused the TH error and how many statements it is from the block can be verified in the diagnost
  • Page 881B-63784EN/01 APPENDIX F.ALARM LIST Number Message Contents BG0852 OVERRUN ERROR(4) The next character was received from the I/O device connected to reader/punch interface 4 before it could read a previously received character. BG0853 FRAMING ERROR(4) The stop bit of the character received from the I
  • Page 882F.ALARM LIST APPENDIX B-63784EN/01 F.3 SR ALARM Number Message Contents SR0125 ILLEGAL EXPRESSION FORMAT The description of the custom macro statement is erroneous. The format of the parameter data is erroneous. SR0160 COMMAND DATA OVERFLOW An overflow in the CNC internal positional data occurred. T
  • Page 883B-63784EN/01 APPENDIX F.ALARM LIST Number Message Contents SR0807 PARAMETER SETTING ERROR An I/O interface option that has not yet been added on was specified. The external I/O device and baud rate, stop bit and protocol selection settings are erroneous. SR0808 DEVICE DOUBLE OPENED An attempt was ma
  • Page 884F.ALARM LIST APPENDIX B-63784EN/01 Number Message Contents SR0960 ACCESS ERROR (MEMORY CARD) Illegal memory card accessing This alarm is also generated during reading when reading is executed up to the end of the file without detection of the EOR code. SR0961 NOT READY (MEMORY CARD) The memory card
  • Page 885B-63784EN/01 APPENDIX F.ALARM LIST F.5 SV ALARM (ALARMS RELATED TO SERVO) Number Message Contents SV0008 EXCESS ERROR ( STOP ) Position deviation during a stop is larger than the value set in parameter No. 1829. Check the value of the position deviation error limit in parameter No. 1829. SV0009 EXCE
  • Page 886F.ALARM LIST APPENDIX B-63784EN/01 Number Message Contents SV0060 FSSB:OPEN READY TIME OUT The FSSB was not in a ready to open state during initialization. A probable cause is an axis card malfunction. SV0061 FSSB:ERROR MODE The FSSB entered the error mode. Probable causes are an axis card or amplif
  • Page 887B-63784EN/01 APPENDIX F.ALARM LIST Number Message Contents SV0350 EXCESS SYNC TORQUE The difference in torque between the master axis and slave axis exceeded the value set in the parameter (No. 1716) during synchronous control. This alarm is generated only for the master axis. SV0360 ABNORMAL CHECKS
  • Page 888F.ALARM LIST APPENDIX B-63784EN/01 Number Message Contents SV0442 CNV. CHARGE FAULT/INV. DB PSM : The spare charge circuit for the DC link is abnormal. PSMR : The spare charge circuit for the DC link is abnormal. SV0443 CNV. COOLING FAN FAILURE PSM: Internal cooling fan failure. PSMR: Internal cooli
  • Page 889B-63784EN/01 APPENDIX F.ALARM LIST F.6 OT ALARM Number Message Contents OT0001 + OVERTRAVEL ( SOFT 1 ) The tool entered the prohibited area of stored stroke check 1 during movement in the positive direction. OT0002 - OVERTRAVEL ( SOFT 1 ) The tool entered the prohibited area of stored stroke check 1
  • Page 890F.ALARM LIST APPENDIX B-63784EN/01 Number Message Contents OT0126 SPECIFIED NUMBER NOT FOUND [External data I/O] The No. specified for a program No. or sequence No. search could not be found. There was an I/O request issued for a pot No. or offset (tool data), but either no tool numbers have been in
  • Page 891B-63784EN/01 APPENDIX F.ALARM LIST F.7 IO ALARM Number Message Contents IO0001 FILE ACCESS ERROR The resident-type file system could not be accessed as an error occurred in the resident-type file system. IO0002 FILE SYSTEM ERROR The file could not be accessed as an error occurred in the CNC file sys
  • Page 892F.ALARM LIST APPENDIX B-63784EN/01 F.9 SP ALARM (ALARMS RELATED TO SPINDLE) Number Message Contents SP0001 SSPA:01 MOTOR OVERHEAT An alarm (AL-01) occurred on the spindle amplifier unit For details, refer to the Serial Spindle User's Manual. SP0002 SSPA:02 EX DEVIATION SPEED An alarm (AL-02) occurre
  • Page 893B-63784EN/01 APPENDIX F.ALARM LIST Number Message Contents SP0029 SSPA:29 OVERLOAD An alarm (AL-29) occurred on the spindle amplifier unit For details, refer to the Serial Spindle User's Manual. SP0030 SSPA:30 OVERCURRENT INPUT An alarm (AL-32) occurred on the spindle amplifier unit CIRCUIT For deta
  • Page 894F.ALARM LIST APPENDIX B-63784EN/01 Number Message Contents SP0062 MOTOR VCMD OVERFLOWED An alarm (AL-62) occurred on the spindle amplifier unit For details, refer to the Serial Spindle User's Manual. SP0066 COM. ERROR BETWEEN SP AMPS An alarm (AL-66) occurred on the spindle amplifier unit For detail
  • Page 895B-63784EN/01 APPENDIX F.ALARM LIST Number Message Contents SP0221 ILLEGAL MOTOR NUMBER The spindle No. and the motor No. are incorrectly matched. SP0222 CAN NOT USE ANALOG SPINDLE The machine tool does not support analog spindles. SP0223 CAN NOT USE SERIAL SPINDLE The machine tool does not support d
  • Page 896F.ALARM LIST APPENDIX B-63784EN/01 Number Message Contents SP0977 SERIAL SPINDLE COMMUNICATION An error occurred in the spindle control software. ERROR SP0978 SERIAL SPINDLE COMMUNICATION A time-out was detected during communications with the ERROR serial spindle amplifier. SP0979 SERIAL SPINDLE COM
  • Page 897B-63784EN/01 INDEX INDEX CANNED CYCLE........................................................ 282 Canned Cycle Cancel (G80) ......................................... 318 3-DIMENSIONAL CIRCULAR INTERPOLATION CHANGING THE TOOL COMPENSATION (G02.4 AND G03.4) ...................................
  • Page 898INDEX B-63784EN/01 DECELERATION BASED ON ACCELERATION GENERAL FLOW OF OPERATION OF CNC MACHINE DURING CIRCULAR INTERPOLATION.................. 730 TOOL................................................................................ 5 DECIMAL POINT INPUT/POCKET GRINDING WHEEL WEAR COMPENSATIO
  • Page 899B-63784EN/01 INDEX OVERVIEW OF CUTTER COMPENSATION C (G40 - MACHINE COORDINATE SYSTEM ........................ 189 G42).............................................................................. 400 MACHINING TYPE IN HPCC SCREEN PROGRAMMING (G05.1 OR G10) ........................... 746

    P

  • Page 900INDEX B-63784EN/01 Retract Function ........................................................... 795 Subprogram Calls Using a T Code ............................... 694 RIGID TAPPING ......................................................... 321 SV ALARM (ALARMS RELATED TO SERVO)....... 861 Rigid Tapp
  • Page 901B-63784EN/01 INDEX Tool Life Management Command in a Machining Program ........................................................................ 250 Tool Life Management Data ......................................... 246 TOOL LIFE MANAGEMENT FUNCTION................ 245 TOOL MOVEMENT ALONG WORKPIECE
  • Page 902
  • Page 903Revision Record FANUC Series 15i/15i-MB OPERATOR’S MANUAL (PROGRAMMING) (B-63784E) 01 Jan., 2002 Edition Date Contents Edition Date Contents
  • Page 904