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  2. Series 16i/18i/160i/180i - PB

Series 16i/18i/160i/180i - PB Connection manual (Function) Page 78

Connection manual (Function)
3. PRESSING FUNCTION
B–63683EN/01
68
When a tape or memory command input is selected, press start signal PF
is turned to 1 after positioning in a block to be punched. However, if
signal EFS is 1, signal PF is not turned to 1, but signal EF is turned to 1.
Perform tapping and other operation by this signal on the machine side.
Turn signal FIN to 1 to turn signal EF to 0, and resultantly turn signal FIN
to 0 when the operation has finished completely. The control proceeds to
the next block after signal FIN has been turned to 0.
If signal PF is preset to be turned to 1 (parameter (No. 16012)) before
completion of positioning, signal EF is also turned to 1 before completion
of positioning. Accordingly, signal EF should be gated with distribution
end signal DEN. Since signal EF is turned to 1 unconditionally, if signal
EFS is 1 in a block to be punched, if no motion is desirable by the receipt
of this signal on the machine side, treat signal EF as required, and turn
FIJN to 1 at the above timing. If signal EFS is 0 and press lock signal PFL
is 1 in the block to be punched neither signal EF nor PF is turned to 1, and
the control proceeds to the next block after time No. 16031 has passed.
Signal EFS is ineffective in blocks with nibbling (Nibbling by G68, G69
and M code).
Axial motion Next block
EFS
EF
DEN
External operation
(tapping, etc.)
FIN
Fig. 3.7 Timing chart for external operation signal
3.7
EXTERNAL
OPERATION
FUNCTION
EF, EFS, FIN
External operation
function signal (output)
EF<F008#0>
External operation
function select signal
(output) EFS<G230#7>
External operation
function finish signal
(input) FIN<G004#3>
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Contents Summary of Series 16i/18i/160i/180i - PB Connection manual (Function)

  • Page 1    
  • Page 2Ȧ No part of this manual may be reproduced in any form. Ȧ All specifications and designs are subject to change without notice. The export of this product is subject to the authorization of the government of the country from where the product is exported. In this manual we have tried as much as possi
  • Page 3B–63683EN/01 DEFINITION OF WARNING, CAUTION, AND NOTE DEFINITION OF WARNING, CAUTION, AND NOTE This manual includes safety precautions for protecting the user and preventing damage to the machine. Precautions are classified into Warning and Caution according to their bearing on safety. Also, supplem
  • Page 4
  • Page 5B–63683EN/01 PREFACE PREFACE This manual provides supplementary information on connection related to the punch press function, that is not covered by the other two manuals. The following items are explained for each function. 1. General Describes feature of the function. Refer to Operator’s manual a
  • Page 6PREFACE B–63683EN/01 D Notation of parameters other than bit type and bit axis type Data No. Data 1023 Related Manuals The table below lists manuals related to Series 16i/18i/160i/180i–PB. In the table, this manual is marked with an asterisk (*). Table 1 Related Manuals Specification Manual name num
  • Page 7B–63683EN/01 Table of Contents DEFINITION OF WARNING, CAUTION, AND NOTE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . s–1 PREFACE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p–1 1. LIST OF FUNCTIONS
  • Page 8TABLE OF CONTENTS B–63683EN/01 2.10.1 Waveform Diagnosis Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 2.10.2 Graphic Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
  • Page 9B–63683EN/01 TABLE OF CONTENTS 5.3.4 T Code Display Signal (Input) TI00 – TI31 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 5.3.5 Number of Punches Signal (Output) PN00 – PN31 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 5.3.6 T–axis Machine Zero Point Position
  • Page 10TABLE OF CONTENTS B–63683EN/01 11. CONTROL FUNCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174 11.1 FEED HOLD SIGNAL B/FEED HOLD LAMP SIGNAL B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175 11.2 RESET KEY SIGNAL . . .
  • Page 11B–63683EN/01 1. LIST OF FUNCTIONS 1 LIST OF FUNCTIONS General For details of connections that are not related to the punch press function, refer to the “FANUC Series 16i/18i/21i/160i/180i/210i/160is/180is/ 210is–MODEL B CONNECTION MANUAL (FUNCTION)” (B–63523EN–1). Most of the functions described in
  • Page 121. LIST OF FUNCTIONS B–63683EN/01 Whether No. Item supported 1.3 Error compensation Stored pitch error compensation f Backlash compensation f Straightness compensation f Gradient compensation f Bidirectional pitch error compensation × Extended bidirectional pitch error × compensation Interpolation t
  • Page 13B–63683EN/01 1. LIST OF FUNCTIONS Whether No. Item supported 2 Preparations for operation 2.1 Emergency stop f 2.2 CNC ready signal f 2.3 Overtravel check Overtravel signal f Stored stroke check 1 ∆: See chapter 2 Stored stroke check 2 f Stored stroke check 3 × Chuck/tailstock barrier × Tool post in
  • Page 141. LIST OF FUNCTIONS B–63683EN/01 Whether No. Item supported 4 Reference position establishment 4.1 Manual reference position return f 4.2 Setting the reference position without dogs f 4.3 Reference position shift f 4.4 Reference position return ∆: See chapter 2 4.5 2nd reference position return/3rd
  • Page 15B–63683EN/01 1. LIST OF FUNCTIONS Whether No. Item supported 6 Interpolation function 6.1 Positioning ∆: See chapter 2 6.2 Linear interpolation ∆: See chapter 2 6.3 Circular interpolation ∆: See chapter 2 6.4 Thread cutting × 6.5 Single direction positioning × 6.6 Helical interpolation f 6.7 Involut
  • Page 161. LIST OF FUNCTIONS B–63683EN/01 Whether No. Item supported 7 Feedrate control/acceleration and deceleration control 7.1 Feedrate control Rapid traverse rate ∆: See chapter 2 Cutting feedrate clamp f Feed per minute f Feed per revolution/manual feed per × revolution F1–digit feed × Feedrate inverse
  • Page 17B–63683EN/01 1. LIST OF FUNCTIONS Whether No. Item supported 7.2 Acceleration/deceleration control Automatic acceleration/deceleration f Rapid traverse block overlap × Rapid traverse bell–shaped acceleration/ f deceleration Linear acceleration/deceleration after cutting f feed interpolation Bell–sha
  • Page 181. LIST OF FUNCTIONS B–63683EN/01 Whether No. Item supported 10.4 Cutter compensation Cutter compensation B, C ∆: ”Compensation B” is unavailable. Tool nose radius compensation × Tool axis direction tool length compensation × Three–dimensional cutter compensation × Tool center point control × 11 Pro
  • Page 19B–63683EN/01 1. LIST OF FUNCTIONS Whether No. Item supported 11.18 High–speed cycle machining retracting × 11.19 High–speed cycle machining skip function × 12 Display/set/edit 12.1 Display/set Clock function f Displaying operation history f Help function f Displaying alarm history f Servo tuning scr
  • Page 201. LIST OF FUNCTIONS B–63683EN/01 Whether No. Item supported 12.2 Edit Part program storage length f Number Of registered programs f Memory protection key f Password function f Background editing f Playback × Conversational programming with graphic f function Program copy between two paths × 13 Inpu
  • Page 21B–63683EN/01 1. LIST OF FUNCTIONS Whether No. Item supported 14.4 Entering compensation values × 15 PMC control function 15.1 PMC axis control ∆: See chapter 2 15.2 External data input f 15.3 External workpiece number search f 15.4 Spindle output control by the PMC f 15.5 External key input f 15.6 D
  • Page 222. FUNCTION SPECIFICATIONS THAT DIFFER FROM THE M series B–63683EN/01 2 FUNCTION SPECIFICATIONS THAT DIFFER FROM THE M series Some of the functions described in the “FANUC Series 16i/18i/21i/ 160i/180i/210i/160is/180is/210is–MODEL B CONNECTION MANUAL (FUNCTION)” (B–63523EN–1) have different specific
  • Page 232. FUNCTION SPECIFICATIONS THAT DIFFER B–63683EN/01 FROM THE M series 2.1 AXIS CONTROL 2.1.1 Name of Axes Difference Axis names can be selected from X, Y, Z, A, B, C, U, V, W, and T. X and Y, however, are automatically selected and always assigned to the basic axes. Parameter 1020 Name of the axis u
  • Page 242. FUNCTION SPECIFICATIONS THAT DIFFER FROM THE M series B–63683EN/01 #7 #6 #5 #4 #3 #2 #1 #0 16200 UVW ABM [Data type] Bit ABM To store and call a pattern, addresses A and B: 0 : Are used. 1 : Are not used. (The A and B axes can be used.) UVW To execute a macro function, addresses U, V, and W: 0 :
  • Page 252. FUNCTION SPECIFICATIONS THAT DIFFER B–63683EN/01 FROM THE M series 2.1.5 Follow–up CAUTION When the T–axis control function is used, the servo–off signal is generally used for a shot pin after T–axis positioning. If the *FLWU signal is set to 0, the follow–up function operates and sets the T–axis
  • Page 262. FUNCTION SPECIFICATIONS THAT DIFFER FROM THE M series B–63683EN/01 2.2 PREPARATIONS FOR OPERATION 2.2.1 Stored Stroke Limit 1 Difference If the end point specified for rapid traverse positioning that constitutes part of an automatic operation falls outside a predetermined range, no axial movement
  • Page 272. FUNCTION SPECIFICATIONS THAT DIFFER B–63683EN/01 FROM THE M series 2.3 REFERENCE POSITION ESTABLISHMENT 2.3.1 Manual Reference Position Return Difference Parameter No.1240 cannot be used. 2.3.2 Setting the Reference Position without Dogs Difference Parameter No.1240 cannot be used. 2.3.3 Referenc
  • Page 282. FUNCTION SPECIFICATIONS THAT DIFFER FROM THE M series B–63683EN/01 Parameter 16600 Width for the second reference position on each axis 16601 Width for the third reference position on each axis 16602 Width for the fourth reference position on each axis [Data type] Word axis [Unit of data] Increme
  • Page 292. FUNCTION SPECIFICATIONS THAT DIFFER B–63683EN/01 FROM THE M series 2.4 AUTOMATIC OPERATION 2.4.1 Feed Hold Difference (a) Nibbling mode When the *SP signal is set to 0 during positioning to the first punch point in nibbling mode, positioning stops. This sets the STL signal to 0 and the SPL signal
  • Page 302. FUNCTION SPECIFICATIONS THAT DIFFER FROM THE M series B–63683EN/01 2.4.3 Single Block Difference If the SBK signal is set to 1 while a pattern such as a bolt hole circle (G26) is being specified, the operation does not stop at the end of each program block. It stops only after the tool has been p
  • Page 312. FUNCTION SPECIFICATIONS THAT DIFFER B–63683EN/01 FROM THE M series 2.5 INTERPOLATION FUNCTION 2.5.1 Positioning Difference In G00 mode, punching is executed after the completion of axial movements. Generally, the F command cannot be specified in G00 mode. The F command can be specified only when
  • Page 322. FUNCTION SPECIFICATIONS THAT DIFFER FROM THE M series B–63683EN/01 2.5.2 Linear Interpolation/ Circular Interpolation Difference The T or C command cannot be specified in G01, G02, or G03 mode. Alarm and message Number Message Contents 4600 T, C COMMAND IN In the linear interpolation (G01) mode I
  • Page 332. FUNCTION SPECIFICATIONS THAT DIFFER B–63683EN/01 FROM THE M series Parameter #7 #6 #5 #4 #3 #2 #1 #0 16363 NDC NDB [Data type] Bit NDB Positioning under normal direction control is carried out: 0 : According to the conventional specification. 1 : By handling the C–axis angle immediately before th
  • Page 342. FUNCTION SPECIFICATIONS THAT DIFFER FROM THE M series B–63683EN/01 2.6 FEEDRATE CONTROL/ ACCELERATION AND DECELERATION CONTROL 2.6.1 Rapid Traverse Rate Difference Punching starts once positioning has been completed. A rapid traverse rate is overridden by the following values when a switch is pre
  • Page 352. FUNCTION SPECIFICATIONS THAT DIFFER B–63683EN/01 FROM THE M series Parameter #7 #6 #5 #4 #3 #2 #1 #0 16844 KL2j PT2j TM2j LP2j [Data type] Bit axis LP2j For rapid traverse during automatic operation, seven–level servo loop gain switching, based on the positioning distance, for position control fo
  • Page 362. FUNCTION SPECIFICATIONS THAT DIFFER FROM THE M series B–63683EN/01 16845 Distance D1 to level 1 (in mm) 16846 Distance D2 to level 2 (in mm) 16847 Distance D3 to level 3 (in mm) 16848 Distance D4 to level 4 (in mm) 16849 Distance D5 to level 5 (in mm) 16850 Distance D6 to level 6 (in mm) 16851 Di
  • Page 372. FUNCTION SPECIFICATIONS THAT DIFFER B–63683EN/01 FROM THE M series [Valid data range] 0 to "120 Set the time during which the press start signal PF is set to 1 prior to the end of the positioning corresponding to each positioning distance (PF early output function). These parameters are valid for
  • Page 382. FUNCTION SPECIFICATIONS THAT DIFFER FROM THE M series B–63683EN/01 16878 Positioning time for level 1 (when rapid traverse override is 100% or 75%) 16879 Positioning time for level 2 (when rapid traverse override is 100% or 75%) 16880 Positioning time for level 1 (when rapid traverse override is
  • Page 392. FUNCTION SPECIFICATIONS THAT DIFFER B–63683EN/01 FROM THE M series 2.6.3 Rapid Traverse Override Difference In automatic rapid traverse, the rapid traverse rate can be overridden by the value determined by the ROV1 and ROV2 signals. If the function for varying the speed and time constant accordin
  • Page 402. FUNCTION SPECIFICATIONS THAT DIFFER FROM THE M series B–63683EN/01 The rapid traverse override depends on the states of the ROV1 and ROV2 signals when information relating to a block is read and stored into the buffer. Any change in the state of the ROV1 or ROV2 signal does not affect a block, if
  • Page 412. FUNCTION SPECIFICATIONS THAT DIFFER B–63683EN/01 FROM THE M series 2.6.4 T–axis, C–axis Jog Override Signal General The T–axis and C–axis jog override can be set by input signals that differ from the conventional input signals, G010 and G011 (*JV0 to *JV15). *JVT1, *JVT2 [Classificat
  • Page 422. FUNCTION SPECIFICATIONS THAT DIFFER FROM THE M series B–63683EN/01 2.7 AUXILIARY FUNCTION 2.7.1 Distribution End Signal Difference The DEN signal is set to 1 also in the following states: D Punch completion wait state (*PFIN or *NFIN) for the press function once all axial movements have been comp
  • Page 432. FUNCTION SPECIFICATIONS THAT DIFFER B–63683EN/01 FROM THE M series 2.8 S FUNCTION Difference S–code output and analog voltage control by the PMC are possible. The other spindle control functions cannot be used. 33
  • Page 442. FUNCTION SPECIFICATIONS THAT DIFFER FROM THE M series B–63683EN/01 2.9 TOOL FUNCTION 2.9.1 Tool Offset Value/ Number of Tool Offset/ Tool Offset Memory Difference D Setting Range of Tool Offset Value Increment system Metric input Inch input IS – A "9999. 99 mm "999. 999 inch IS – B "999. 999 mm "
  • Page 452. FUNCTION SPECIFICATIONS THAT DIFFER B–63683EN/01 FROM THE M series The signal is set to 0 in the following cases: D When the CNC enters the reset state. D When the actual punch count is preset, or a value less than the maximum punch count is entered. D When a tool which has not yet reached the en
  • Page 462. FUNCTION SPECIFICATIONS THAT DIFFER FROM THE M series B–63683EN/01 2.10 DISPLAY/SET/EDIT 2.10.1 Waveform Diagnosis Display NOTE The display will act abnormally when the high–speed press control function is enabled (HSP bit, bit 0 of parameter 16000). 2.10.2 Graphic Display Difference There are no
  • Page 472. FUNCTION SPECIFICATIONS THAT DIFFER B–63683EN/01 FROM THE M series 2.11 MEASUREMENT 2.11.1 Skip Function Difference G33 is used to specify the function. The address of the input signal is SKIP . 2.12 PMC CONTROL FUNCTION 2.12.1 PMC Axis Control CAUTION This function cannot be used when
  • Page 482. FUNCTION SPECIFICATIONS THAT DIFFER FROM THE M series B–63683EN/01 2.13 A number following address G determines the meaning of the command for the concerned block. PREPARATORY G codes are divided into the following two types. FUNCTION Type Meaning (G FUNCTION) One–shot G code The G code is effect
  • Page 492. FUNCTION SPECIFICATIONS THAT DIFFER B–63683EN/01 FROM THE M series Table 2.13 G code list (1/2) System A System B Group Meaning G00 G00 Positioning (Rapid traverse) G01 G01 Linear interpolation (Cutting feed) 01 G02 G02 Circular interpolation (CW) G03 G03 Circular interpolation (CCW) G04 G04 Dwel
  • Page 502. FUNCTION SPECIFICATIONS THAT DIFFER FROM THE M series B–63683EN/01 Table 2.13 G code list (2/2) System A System B Group Meaning G57 G57 Work coordinates system 4 selection G58 G58 14 Work coordinates system 5 selection G59 G59 Work coordinates system 6 selection G61 G61 Exact stop mode G62 G62 15
  • Page 512. FUNCTION SPECIFICATIONS THAT DIFFER B–63683EN/01 FROM THE M series 2.13.1 This manual mainly describes the differences from the retrace function Retrace supported by the M series, as well as some precautions. The basic retrace operation is the same as that for the retrace function supported by th
  • Page 522. FUNCTION SPECIFICATIONS THAT DIFFER FROM THE M series B–63683EN/01 Advanced preview control mode signal Advanced preview control restart signal RVSG08 End of N3 execution Automatic operation start ST Automatic operation in–progress signal STL Backward move- ment signal RVS Operation pause *SP Mac
  • Page 532. FUNCTION SPECIFICATIONS THAT DIFFER B–63683EN/01 FROM THE M series (6) V command during multi–piece machining (7) M code for punch/laser switching 4. Limitations (1) The retrace function is optional. (2) Machining cannot be restarted if the NC mode differs from that selected when backward movemen
  • Page 543. PRESSING FUNCTION B–63683EN/01 3 PRESSING FUNCTION For the FS16/18/160/180 series, t in the following figure is set to a fixed value of 17 ms plus a variation of up to 2 ms. t Positioning Positioning Press start signal PF (from NC to machine) Press/nibbling finish signal *PFIN/*NFIN (from machine
  • Page 55B–63683EN/01 3. PRESSING FUNCTION 3.1 This control sends a signal “Start press and punch” to the machine after moving a tool to the position commanded in a predetermined block. PUNCH FUNCTION When the machine receives this signal, it starts pressing. As a result, (1–CYCLE punching is made on a workp
  • Page 563. PRESSING FUNCTION B–63683EN/01 Examples Tool 01 profile Tool 02 profile N711G00G90X50.0Y30.0T02; . . . Punching is made using tool 02 N712X50.0Y30.0T01; . . . Punching is made using tool 01 The punch profile at (50, 30) position is as shown below. No punching is made in case of N712T01;, N712T01C
  • Page 57B–63683EN/01 3. PRESSING FUNCTION 3.2 Punching is made in a block where the X–axis or Y–axis if positioned at rapid traverse, in principle. POSITIONING & Command the following code, if it is not desired to punch a workpiece PRESSING OFF (G70) after positioning a tool to the commanded position at rap
  • Page 583. PRESSING FUNCTION B–63683EN/01 3.3 Nibbling means sequential repeated punching without stopping press motion. NIBBLING FUNCTION Assume Tt be the time required for one–cycle press motion. The remaining time obtained by subtracting punching time Tp from Tt (or, Ti = Tt – Tp) is the time allowable f
  • Page 59B–63683EN/01 3. PRESSING FUNCTION The following functions are prepared for nibbling. Functions Description Circular nibbling (G68) Linear nibbling (G69) M12; ...... ...... Nibbling is performed in these blocks. ...... Nibbling by M function ...... M13; (Note) Other M codes may be used instead of M12
  • Page 603. PRESSING FUNCTION B–63683EN/01 CAUTION 1 The maximum pitches in G68 and G69 are set by parameters No. 16186 (for mm input) and No. 16187 (for inch input). 2 If T code is commanded in G68 or G69 block, nibbling is started after the X and Y axes have moved to the first punch point and also a tool h
  • Page 61B–63683EN/01 3. PRESSING FUNCTION 3.4 In addition to the circular or linear nibbling according to the G68 or G69 command, this control can perform nibbling by M function. In other NIBBLING BY words, it can execute nibbling in the blocks from a block with the M code M FUNCTION of nibbling mode to a b
  • Page 623. PRESSING FUNCTION B–63683EN/01 NOTE 1 The following commands only are executable in nibbling mode. (i) X, Y positioning command by G00 Provided that the T code and F1–digit command can be included in the same block where the X, Y positioning is made by G00 to the first punch point of nibbling. (i
  • Page 63B–63683EN/01 3. PRESSING FUNCTION 3.5 PRESS FUNCTION 3.5.1 1) Press start signal (output) PF 1–Cycle Press 2) Press stop signal (input) *PE 3) Punch finish signal for 1–cycle press (input) *PFIN In the punching block, the PF signal goes to 1 after positioning if tape or
  • Page 643. PRESSING FUNCTION B–63683EN/01 X–axis positioning Set time for X–axis Y–axis positioning Set time for Y–axis C–axis positioning Set time for C–axis PF Fig. 3.5.1 (b) Quick generation of the PF signal NOTE The timer for quick generation of the PF signal can be set for up to seven steps for the X–
  • Page 65B–63683EN/01 3. PRESSING FUNCTION Axial movement Next block PF *PE Setting in parameter 8 ms min. 16032 *PFIN Setting in parameter 16033 The press starts stopping. Press start 1–cycle press process Fig. 3.5.1 (c) 1–cycle press process in the forming mode NOTE 1 Parameter TCF (No.16003#5) can be used
  • Page 663. PRESSING FUNCTION B–63683EN/01 The *NFIN signal goes to 0, and the tool starts moving to the last punch point at the same time the NBLE signal goes to 1. If the *PE signal goes to 0 after the end of positioning to the last punch point, the PF signal goes to 0. Accordingly, the press is stopped. I
  • Page 67B–63683EN/01 3. PRESSING FUNCTION CAUTION 1 Let the time required for 1–cycle press operation be Tt and the time required for punch operation be Tp. The time permissible for positioning Ti is found by the following formula: Ti = Tt – Tp. The maximum distance allowable for positioning requiring the t
  • Page 683. PRESSING FUNCTION B–63683EN/01 In the nibbling block when the CPS signal is 1, when the time set in parameter 16034 elapses after positioning to the first punch point ends, the PF signal goes to 1, but the NBL signal does not go to 1. When the *PFIN signal goes to 0, the tool starts positioning t
  • Page 69B–63683EN/01 3. PRESSING FUNCTION CAUTION 1 Override signals ROV1 and ROV2 for rapid traverse are effective during positioning to the first punch point in the nibbling block. After that, the ROV1 and ROV2 signals are ineffective during positioning for the pitch to the last punch point, and the overr
  • Page 703. PRESSING FUNCTION B–63683EN/01 3.5.3 1) Manual press start signal (input) MPS Manual Press 2) Continuous manual press signal (input) MNS Setting the MPS signal to 1 can set the press start (PF) signal to 1. The signal is used when a 1–cycle press operation is performed with the
  • Page 71B–63683EN/01 3. PRESSING FUNCTION Positioning to the first Positioning to the last punch point punch point Axial movement Next block T1 T2 T1 T2 T1 T2 PFL T1 : Time set in parameter 16034 T2 : Time set in parameter 16031 Fig. 3.5.4 (b) Nibbling when the PFL signal is 1 When the PFL changes from 1 to
  • Page 723. PRESSING FUNCTION B–63683EN/01 3.5.6 When the press start lock (PFL) signal is 0 in the block for punching, Press Start Waiting setting the PFW signal to 1 inhibits the press start (PF) signal from going to 1. The PFW signal can be used when an attempt is made to apply an Signal (Input) interlock
  • Page 73B–63683EN/01 3. PRESSING FUNCTION 3.5.8 When the setting in parameter DPE (No. 16003#6) is 1, the EPE signal Press Stop Signal enables switching of the press stop (*PE) signal between effective and ineffective states. When the EPE signal is 0, the *PE signal is ignored. Neglect (Input) When the EPE
  • Page 743. PRESSING FUNCTION B–63683EN/01 3.5.10 Press Start Auxiliary Signal B DSPF [Classification] Output signal [Function] Notifies the PMC of a punching block. [Output condition] Once positioning has been completed as part of automatic operation, this signal is output in a punching block in wh
  • Page 75B–63683EN/01 3. PRESSING FUNCTION 3.6 As the speed of the press mechanism increases, the time between the end of pressing and the beginning of the next positioning has a greater effect HIGH SPEED PRESS on the hit count of the punch press. CONTROL FUNCTION If the time can be estimated, the hit count
  • Page 763. PRESSING FUNCTION B–63683EN/01 Signal Connection of signal *PFIN and *NFIN is as follows: 1 When high speed DI is used *PFIN 01 HDI0 02 0V *NFIN 2 When I/O card is used *PFIN B22 C71 *NFIN B23 +24/ 0 V Parameter #7 #6 #5 #4 #3 #2 #1 #0 16000 HCI HSP [Data type] Bit HSP High–speed press control is
  • Page 77B–63683EN/01 3. PRESSING FUNCTION Limitations Using the high–speed press control function imposes the following limitations: 1 The PMC cannot execute axis control. 2 The advanced preview control function cannot be used. 3 High–speed press control does not function if followed by a non–punching block
  • Page 783. PRESSING FUNCTION B–63683EN/01 3.7 EXTERNAL OPERATION FUNCTION EF, EFS, FIN External operation When a tape or memory command input is selected, press start signal PF function signal (output) is turned to 1 after positioning in a block to be punched. However, if EF signal EFS is 1, signal
  • Page 79B–63683EN/01 4. FUNCTIONS TO SIMPLIFY PROGRAMMING 4 FUNCTIONS TO SIMPLIFY PROGRAMMING 69
  • Page 804. FUNCTIONS TO SIMPLIFY PROGRAMMING B–63683EN/01 4.1 By changing the hold position of a workpiece by the workpiece holders, a workpiece having a size larger than the stroke in X–axis direction of the AUTOMATIC machine can be machined. REPOSITIONING If it is desired to punch a workpiece at the workp
  • Page 81B–63683EN/01 4. FUNCTIONS TO SIMPLIFY PROGRAMMING 3) The workpiece holder moves in the X–axis direction to relocate the hold position. Y X 4) The workpiece holder moves in the Y–axis direction to return to the position where it can hold the workpiece. ÌÌÌÌÌ ÌÌÌÌÌ ÌÌÌÌÌ ÌÌÌÌÌ ÌÌÌÌÌ 5) The claw of the
  • Page 824. FUNCTIONS TO SIMPLIFY PROGRAMMING B–63683EN/01 4.2 The multi–piece machining function enables several sheets of product with the same punching shape to be produced from a single sheet of MULTI–PIECE material at a time by simple commands. MACHINING This function allows so called “trial machining”
  • Page 83B–63683EN/01 4. FUNCTIONS TO SIMPLIFY PROGRAMMING 4.2.2 Specify any of the following commands, and then multi–piece machining Multi–Piece Machining is performed by calling machining commands stored using the macro function. Commands (G73, G74) G73 W ωn Q q ; or G74 W ωn Q q ; where ωn: A macro numbe
  • Page 844. FUNCTIONS TO SIMPLIFY PROGRAMMING B–63683EN/01 Signal Multi–piece machining setting signal MLP1, MLP2 [Classification] Input signal [Function] The signals can set the method used for machining multiple workpieces. These signals are effective when the MLP bit (bit 3 of parameter 16201)
  • Page 85B–63683EN/01 4. FUNCTIONS TO SIMPLIFY PROGRAMMING 16206 Machining pattern when multiple workpieces are taken [Data type] Byte [Valid data range] 0 to 3 Parameter 16206 sets a machining pattern when multiple workpieces are taken. 0 : A program without the G73 or G74 command for machining when multipl
  • Page 864. FUNCTIONS TO SIMPLIFY PROGRAMMING B–63683EN/01 Alarm and message Number Message Contents 4531 U/V MACRO FORMAT ERROR An attempt was made to store a macro while storing another macro using a U or V macro. A V macro was specified although the processing to store a macro was not in progress. A U mac
  • Page 87B–63683EN/01 4. FUNCTIONS TO SIMPLIFY PROGRAMMING 4.3 The M–codes which is set by parameters (No. 16610 to 16614) are commanded, the crack between work coordinate system and machine Y–AXIS CRACK coordinate system of Y–axis repositioning motion is canceled. CANCEL Example1 Y1525M30 ; Y–axis moves inc
  • Page 885. TOOL FUNCTION (T FUNCTION) B–63683EN/01 5 TOOL FUNCTION (T FUNCTION) 78
  • Page 89B–63683EN/01 5. TOOL FUNCTION (T FUNCTION) 5.1 By specifying an up to 8–digit numerical value following address T, tools can be selected on the machine. TOOL SELECTION One T code can be commanded in a block. Refer to the machine tool FUNCTION builder’s manual for the number of digits commandable wit
  • Page 905. TOOL FUNCTION (T FUNCTION) B–63683EN/01 CAUTION 1 The correspondence between commandable T codes and tools depends upon machine tool builders. The commandable T codes are set in tool registering screen before shipment from factory (III-10.8). If a commanded T code was not registered, alarm (No. 4
  • Page 91B–63683EN/01 5. TOOL FUNCTION (T FUNCTION) 5.2 Tool offset is applicable to respective T codes in the X–axis and Y–axis directions. TOOL OFFSET Since use of this tool offset function depends upon machine tool builders, refer to the machine tool builder’s manual. NOTE 1 Tool offset compensation appli
  • Page 925. TOOL FUNCTION (T FUNCTION) B–63683EN/01 5.3 The tool positions corresponding to respective tool numbers on the turret axis are set in the tool registered screen in the unit of least command TURRET AXIS increment. By commanding one of T0 to T9999 using tape, MDI, or CONTROL memory command, the con
  • Page 93B–63683EN/01 5. TOOL FUNCTION (T FUNCTION) On the other hand, axis moving signal MVT is set to 1, even if signal *ITT is 0. Accordingly, whether the positioning of the turret axis is executed or not can be known by signal MVT on the machine side. The above description may be summarized as follows. S
  • Page 945. TOOL FUNCTION (T FUNCTION) B–63683EN/01 An example of a time chart for above description is shown below. Road of T command Next action T code signal TF TMF MVT INPT 0 *ITT 1 SVFT Mechanical clamp using shot pins or Release the like Motion corresponding to T code signal Motion of servo motor Axial
  • Page 95B–63683EN/01 5. TOOL FUNCTION (T FUNCTION) An example of the manual reference point return of the turret axis will be shown as a time chart below. When the manual reference point return of the turret axis is completed, the tool number preset in the tool registering screen is automatically selected.
  • Page 965. TOOL FUNCTION (T FUNCTION) B–63683EN/01 5.3.1 If T command neglect signal (input) TNG is 1 when a T code is T Command Neglect commanded by tape, MDI, or memory command, the commanded T code is ignored. When a block information is read and a T code is included in Signal (Input) the block, the cont
  • Page 97B–63683EN/01 5. TOOL FUNCTION (T FUNCTION) 5.3.3 Although the turret axis control has been described in detail up to this Turret Indexing point, the following is included in the description: The above explanation shows only one example. For example, in the case Completion Signal of mechanical clampi
  • Page 985. TOOL FUNCTION (T FUNCTION) B–63683EN/01 Read T code Next operation T code signal ‘TF’ TMF ‘MVT’ ‘TIE’ ‘INPT’ 0 ‘ITT’ Release 1 ‘SVFT’ Mechanical clamp by shot pin Operation for T code signal Axis Movement of axis movement 0 ‘*SP’ ‘ST’ FIN Fig. 5.3.3 5.3.4 The station number (tool number) being se
  • Page 99B–63683EN/01 5. TOOL FUNCTION (T FUNCTION) 5.3.5 The content of the number of punches of the tool until at that time which Number of Punches corresponds to T code instructed when T command is done is outputted to PMC from CNC. Signal (Output) It is a binary code signal of 32 points. PN00 – PN31 Corr
  • Page 1005. TOOL FUNCTION (T FUNCTION) B–63683EN/01 Signal address #7 #6 #5 #4 #3 #2 #1 #0 F244 RP8T RP7T RP6T RP5T RP4T RP3T RP2T RP1T F245 RP16T RP15T RP14T RP13T RP12T RP11T RP10T RP9T Parameter 16680 Position of machine zero point 1 on T–axis 16681 Position of machine zero point 2 on T–axis 16682 Positio
  • Page 101B–63683EN/01 5. TOOL FUNCTION (T FUNCTION) 5.4 MULTIPLE–TOOL CONTROL (OUTPUT) CMOK , MIE General A common way of handling the tools, i.e., the metal dies, for punch presses is to store each die in the tool holder. To select a tool, it is necessary to index the magazine containing th
  • Page 1025. TOOL FUNCTION (T FUNCTION) B–63683EN/01 When the CNC controls the indexing of the tool holder, the T code shall contain a two–digit pot number from 00 to 99 as shown above. Specify a three–or four–digit T code to use the multiple–tool system. The first two digits are the pot number and the last t
  • Page 103B–63683EN/01 5. TOOL FUNCTION (T FUNCTION) Tool holder T11 Y Tool reference position Center of the tool holder T1101 Parallel + Direction Angular displacement from of rotation the tool reference position T1101 = 0.00° T1104 T1102 – T1102 = 90.00° T1103 = 180.00° T1104 = 270.00° T1103 Fig. 5.4 (b) CA
  • Page 1045. TOOL FUNCTION (T FUNCTION) B–63683EN/01 Tool reference position Y Y–axis compensation T1101 Center of the tool holder T1104 T1102 T1103 Tool holder T11 Fig. 5.4 (c) CAUTION To use the compensation function, set parameter TDF (No. 16263#2) to 1. Tool change The following tool changes are possible
  • Page 105B–63683EN/01 5. TOOL FUNCTION (T FUNCTION) D Tool selection command T1102 T1102 T11 motion The C axis rotates according T1102 indexing is complete. Output of the T code and FIN signal to T02 MIE signal =1 corresponding TF signal CMOK signal = 1 CMOK signal = 0 Fig. 5.4 (d) D Timing diagram The T com
  • Page 1065. TOOL FUNCTION (T FUNCTION) B–63683EN/01 D Regular tool selection command T10 T10 The C axis returns to Indexing of T10 T10 indexing completed the reference position. Output of the T code and FIn signal MIE signal = 0 corresponding TF signal CMOK signal = 1 Fig. 5.4 (e) D Timing diagram The T comm
  • Page 107B–63683EN/01 5. TOOL FUNCTION (T FUNCTION) (4) A tool in a multiple–tool holder A to a tool in another multiple–tool holder B If the C axis is not positioned at the reference position when the T command for selecting a tool in a multiple–tool holder B is issued after a tool in another multiple tool
  • Page 1085. TOOL FUNCTION (T FUNCTION) B–63683EN/01 (5) A tool a in a multiple tool holder A to another tool b in the same multiple tool holder A When the T command for a tool b in a multiple–tool holder A is issued after another tool a in the same tool holder A has been selected, the necessary T code and th
  • Page 109B–63683EN/01 5. TOOL FUNCTION (T FUNCTION) D It is possible to create an image of a tool in the multiple–tool system on the graphic screen. Specify the tool contour on the tool contour setting screen. Tools in the multiple system are assigned numbers 101 to 164, as specified by the T code. The proce
  • Page 1105. TOOL FUNCTION (T FUNCTION) B–63683EN/01 5.5 T–CODE PRE–ISSUE FUNCTION General In automatic operation, this function searches the program to be executed for T commands and outputs the T codes in advance. The machine can prepare for tool change before execution of the tool change command. Search fo
  • Page 111B–63683EN/01 5. TOOL FUNCTION (T FUNCTION) Once the pre–read T–code operation has been completed, the actual T command is executed. The command is executed under usual T function control. Once this T command has been processed, a subsequent pre–read T–code is output. That is, a pre–read T code is ou
  • Page 1125. TOOL FUNCTION (T FUNCTION) B–63683EN/01 Examples O0100 ; O9500 ; N1 G92 X1800. Y1500. ; N10 #100 = 1. N2 G90 G00 X1000. Y1000. T400 ; N20 IF [#5001 EQ 0. ] GOTO 50 ; N3 G65 P9500 X500. Y500. T500 ; N30 G90 G00 X#24 Y#25 T#20 ; N4 G72 X100. Y100. ; N40 GOTO 60 ; N5 G26 I10. J0 K4 T600 ; N50 T#100
  • Page 113B–63683EN/01 5. TOOL FUNCTION (T FUNCTION) Signal address #7 #6 #5 #4 #3 #2 #1 #0 G248 BTFIN #7 #6 #5 #4 #3 #2 #1 #0 F232 BTF #7 #6 #5 #4 #3 #2 #1 #0 F246 BT07 BT06 BT05 BT04 BT03 BT02 BT01 BT00 #7 #6 #5 #4 #3 #2 #1 #0 F247 BT15 BT14 BT13 BT12 BT11 BT10 BT09 BT08 #7 #6 #5 #4 #3 #2 #1 #0 F248 BT23 BT
  • Page 1145. TOOL FUNCTION (T FUNCTION) B–63683EN/01 5.6 TOOL DATA SETTING FUNCTION General This function makes the area used for registering tool numbers, tool position compensation, punch count, and other tool data available to the user. This enables the user to customize the registered tool data. This allo
  • Page 115B–63683EN/01 5. TOOL FUNCTION (T FUNCTION) Tool number When specifying up to four digits with a T command, select 2 bytes. When specifying five or more digits with a T command, select 4 bytes. If the 4–byte option is selected, T–axis control is possible with a T command having five or more digits. X
  • Page 1165. TOOL FUNCTION (T FUNCTION) B–63683EN/01 Parameter #7 #6 #5 #4 #3 #2 #1 #0 16280 UTL UTS UCT UPC UTC UOY UOX UT8 [Data type] Bit This parameter is valid when the function used to set tool data is specified. In the following description, n represents the number of tools to be stored. UT8 As a tool
  • Page 117B–63683EN/01 5. TOOL FUNCTION (T FUNCTION) #7 #6 #5 #4 #3 #2 #1 #0 16281 PC4 OY4 OX4 [Data type] Bit This parameter is valid when the function to set tool data is specified. In the following description, n represents the number of tools to be stored. OX4 For the tool position compensation value alon
  • Page 1185. TOOL FUNCTION (T FUNCTION) B–63683EN/01 #7 #6 #5 #4 #3 #2 #1 #0 16283 MY4 MX4 [Data type] Bit This parameter is valid when the function used to set tool data is specified. In the following description, m represents the number of subtools stored for a multi–tool. MX4 For the tool position compensa
  • Page 119B–63683EN/01 5. TOOL FUNCTION (T FUNCTION) Sample registration data Conditions: T–axis machine position of 6 digits; 300 tools to be registered; tool number consisting of 8 digits; X, Y position compensation consisting of 6 digits; punch count of 8 digits; The graphic function and tool life manageme
  • Page 1205. TOOL FUNCTION (T FUNCTION) B–63683EN/01 5.7 UNREGISTERED T CODE SIGNAL General The unregistered T code signal is output if a T code which is not registered using the tool data registration screen is specified during automatic operation. The PMC can monitor this signal and issue an alarm if it is
  • Page 121B–63683EN/01 5. TOOL FUNCTION (T FUNCTION) 5.8 In JOG mode, setting signal MNTCHG to 1 enables the tool to be changed easily in manual mode, as follows: MANUAL TOOL (1) In JOG mode, set signal MNTCHG to 1. CHANGE (2) Signal MNTMOD goes to 1. (3) If the C–axis is not positioned to the reference posit
  • Page 1225. TOOL FUNCTION (T FUNCTION) B–63683EN/01 T–axis selection signal TAXSJ [Classification] Input signal [Function] Notifies the CNC that T–axis movement has become possible in JOG mode. The CNC does not perform the next operation until the state of this signal matches that of signal STAXS. M
  • Page 123B–63683EN/01 6. C–AXIS CONTROL 6 C–AXIS CONTROL 113
  • Page 1246. C–AXIS CONTROL B–63683EN/01 6.1 For predetermined dies (tools) on a turret, the angular position of the die can be changed with a command from a tape, a memory or MDI. C AXIS CONTROL In the past, it was necessary to use many dies when the die shape is the (DIE ANGLE same but the die arrangement i
  • Page 125B–63683EN/01 6. C–AXIS CONTROL 6.2 C–AXIS SYNCHRONIZATION CONTROL General The C–axis synchronization control function enables operation of the punch section of the die in sync with the die section of the die by using a separate servo motor for each section. C–axis synchronization control simultaneou
  • Page 1266. C–AXIS CONTROL B–63683EN/01 Synchronization error During C–axis synchronous operation, position deviation of the C1–axis alarm and C2–axis is monitored. The maximum allowable position deviation is set in parameter Nos. 16364 and 16365. If the position deviation error for the C1–axis or C2–axis ex
  • Page 127B–63683EN/01 6. C–AXIS CONTROL Signal C–axis control status signal SC1 SC2 [Classification] Output signal [Function] These signals notify the PMC of whether C–axis independent control or C–axis synchronization control is applied. [Output condition] These signals are set to 1 upon p
  • Page 1286. C–AXIS CONTROL B–63683EN/01 Signal address #7 #6 #5 #4 #3 #2 #1 #0 G140 SYNC8 SYNC7 SYNC6 SYNC5 SYNC4 #7 #6 #5 #4 #3 #2 #1 #0 F233 SC2 SC1 Parameter #7 #6 #5 #4 #3 #2 #1 #0 16360 ACS SYN [Data type] Bit SYN C–axis synchronous control is: 0 : Disabled. 1 : Enabled. ACS Under C–axis synchronous con
  • Page 129B–63683EN/01 6. C–AXIS CONTROL CAUTION For C–axis synchronization control, two servo motors are used: one for the C1–axis and the other for the C2–axis. This means that for the C1–axis and C2–axis, the same values must be set in the parameters (for setting a feedrate, time constant, and so forth) pr
  • Page 1306. C–AXIS CONTROL B–63683EN/01 6.3 C–AXIS OFFSET FUNCTION General For the punch press, a tool is used which allows the angle to be changed according to the machine. This type of rotary tool is subject to CNC C–axis control. A C command is used to change the angular position of a tool. When a machine
  • Page 131B–63683EN/01 6. C–AXIS CONTROL The N110 block specifies a tool change command. So, C–axis offset is canceled, and reference position return is performed. The N120 block specifies rotary tool T10. So, C–axis movement by 90.00 deg plus an offset of 0.1 deg is performed once positioning along the X–axi
  • Page 1326. C–AXIS CONTROL B–63683EN/01 6.3.2 C–axis Offset Type B General This function performs C–axis offset as part of a tool change operation based on a T command, either before or after the mechanical attachment/detachment of rotary tools and tool holders. Operation 1 Exchanging a regular tool with a r
  • Page 133B–63683EN/01 6. C–AXIS CONTROL 2 Exchanging a rotary tool or tool in a multiple–tool holder with a regular tool T command T code output TF (4) Tool indexing C–axis reference position return Next Block CPEN signal (2) (3) TFIN (5) C–axis detach (1) Positioning at C0° CFDC signal (1) When a regular to
  • Page 1346. C–AXIS CONTROL B–63683EN/01 CAUTION 1 When using this function, set bit 2 (MAI) of parameter No. 16360 to 1 and bit 3 (MAB) of parameter No. 16360 to 1. 2 When using this function, enable movement along the T axis (by setting bit 5 (CRM) of parameter No. 16362 to 0) only when the tool is at the r
  • Page 135B–63683EN/01 6. C–AXIS CONTROL Signal address #7 #6 #5 #4 #3 #2 #1 #0 G233 CFDC #7 #6 #5 #4 #3 #2 #1 #0 F232 CPEN Parameter #7 #6 #5 #4 #3 #2 #1 #0 16360 MAB MAI [Data type] Bit MAI The function for compensating the C–axis position is: 0 : Invalidated. 1 : Validated. MAB The function B for compensat
  • Page 1366. C–AXIS CONTROL B–63683EN/01 16370 Number of tool 1 for which C–axis control can be executed 16371 Number of tool 2 for which C–axis control can be executed 16372 Number of tool 3 for which C–axis control can be executed 16373 Number of tool 4 for which C–axis control can be executed 16374 Number
  • Page 137B–63683EN/01 6. C–AXIS CONTROL 16430 C–axis position compensation 1 to use function for compensating the C–axis position 16431 C–axis position compensation 2 to use function for compensating the C–axis position 16432 C–axis position compensation 3 to use function for compensating the C–axis position
  • Page 1386. C–AXIS CONTROL B–63683EN/01 16450 C2–axis position compensation1 to use function for compensating the C–axis position 16451 C2–axis position compensation2 to use function for compensating the C–axis position 16452 C2–axis position compensation3 to use function for compensating the C–axis position
  • Page 139B–63683EN/01 7. T–AXIS/C–AXIS SIMULTANEOUS CONTROL 7 T–AXIS/C–AXIS SIMULTANEOUS CONTROL 129
  • Page 1407. T–AXIS/C–AXIS SIMULTANEOUS CONTROL B–63683EN/01 7.1 The conventional turret punch press cannot make a T–axis movement and C–axis movement simultaneously because of mechanical constraints. If OVERVIEW the T and C commands are simultaneously specified, the CNC executes the commands successively. Re
  • Page 141B–63683EN/01 7. T–AXIS/C–AXIS SIMULTANEOUS CONTROL 7.2 SPECIFICATIONS Conventional control If the T and C commands are specified in a single block, the conventional control function divides the block into three blocks to be executed in succession, as shown in Fig. 7.2(a). This means that a T–axis mo
  • Page 1427. T–AXIS/C–AXIS SIMULTANEOUS CONTROL B–63683EN/01 T–axis/C–axis This function allows a T–axis movement and C–axis movement to be simultaneous control made simultaneously, as shown in Fig. 7.2(b). This eliminates the reference position return about the C–axis ( in the conventional control sequence).
  • Page 143B–63683EN/01 8. SAFETY ZONE CHECK 8 SAFETY ZONE CHECK This is the safety function to set the safety zone for protecting the workpiece holder that holds the workpiece set on the carriage, and disable punching in that area or forbid the tool to approach thereinto. #0 Tool figure area Table #3 #1 #2 #4
  • Page 1448. SAFETY ZONE CHECK B–63683EN/01 8.1 TYPE A Punch forbidden area The safety zone is settable in two types, punch forbidden area and and approach forbidden approach forbidden area, that are set by the parameter SZ1 to SZ4 (No. area 16501#0 – #3) shown below. 1) Punch forbidden area When the tool fig
  • Page 145B–63683EN/01 8. SAFETY ZONE CHECK 8.2 TYPE B General By setting bit 0 (SF0) of parameter No. 16500, the type B safety zone check can be selected. With type B, no alarm is issued even if a tool enters a safety zone; after confirming the safety of the situation, the operator can perform a punch operat
  • Page 1468. SAFETY ZONE CHECK B–63683EN/01 8.3 Set the machine coordinate value when the workpiece holder is positioned at the tool center (punching position), in the parameters 16505 – 16516 SETTING THE in output units. SAFETY ZONE Xwz X2a Xla Punching position Ya Ywz Yd H1wz Ya Yc Yb #1 #2 #3 #4 +Y 0 X2a X
  • Page 147B–63683EN/01 8. SAFETY ZONE CHECK 8.4 SETTING THE TOOL SHAPE AREA P Fig. 8.4 (a) The specification of the area of tool figure sets the size in the X direction and Y direction of the tool by the parameter (No. 16517 to 16532, 16551 to 16558). The setting unit is output unit. Twelve kinds of or less t
  • Page 1488. SAFETY ZONE CHECK B–63683EN/01 8.5 AUTOMATIC SAFETY–ZONE SETTING Workpiece holder The detector installed in the machine automatically detects the positions position detector signal of the workpiece holders mounted on the carriage. The detected values (input) SAFZ are set in the safety z
  • Page 149B–63683EN/01 8. SAFETY ZONE CHECK The servo delay can be calculated by the following formulas: ∆E = T1 F + T2 F (exponential acceleration/deceleration) ∆E = 1/2T1 F + T2 F (linear acceleration/deceleration) ∆E: Servo delay T1: Automatic acceleration/deceleration time constant T2: Servo time constant
  • Page 1508. SAFETY ZONE CHECK B–63683EN/01 8.5.2 Detecting Workpiece Holder Position Using an External Signal Detection method 1 Automatic safety zone setting is enabled when reference position return along the X–axis is completed immediately after CNC power–on. After selecting manual reference position retu
  • Page 151B–63683EN/01 8. SAFETY ZONE CHECK Timing chart ZRN JOG SAFRQ SAFEXE +X, – X ZP1 confirmation Movement to X axis Movement to High–speed reference position return position A Safety zone position detection Detection method 2 After automatic or manual reference position return along the X–axis, automati
  • Page 1528. SAFETY ZONE CHECK B–63683EN/01 Timing chart ZRN JOG ZP1 SAFRQ SAFEXE +X, – X X–axis movement Movement to High speed reference position return operation position A Safety zone position detection Safety zone position detection Once reference position return along the X–axis has been completed, the
  • Page 153B–63683EN/01 8. SAFETY ZONE CHECK CAUTION 1 Use bit 2 (ZI0) of parameter No. 16502 to switch between the detection methods. 2 The position of a workpiece holder on the Y–axis cannot be detected automatically. 3 To enable the execution of safety zone position detection, set a detection start position
  • Page 1548. SAFETY ZONE CHECK B–63683EN/01 8.5.3 After safety zone values are set automatically, they can be displayed on Displaying the Safety the safety zone screen as shown below. With this screen, the user can check whether the set values are valid. Zones and Tool Zone Screen Type A SAFETY ZONE (ABSOLUTE
  • Page 155B–63683EN/01 8. SAFETY ZONE CHECK 8.6 SIGNAL Selection signal for tool area of safety zone SZTS0 to SZTS3 [Classification] Input signal [Function] These signals are used to select a tool area for safety zone checking. These signals must be changed while a T code is being read or upon
  • Page 1568. SAFETY ZONE CHECK B–63683EN/01 Tool area in which an actual safety zone check is made Virtual tool area Output when the virtual tool area over- laps a workpiece holder area Workpiece holder Signals SZT1 to SZT12 correspond to tool areas 1 to 12, respectively. Punch forbidden area–entered signal W
  • Page 157B–63683EN/01 8. SAFETY ZONE CHECK Safety zone setting ready signal SAFEXE [Classification] Output signal [Function] This signal notifies the PMC that the position set in parameter No. 16535 has been reached during automatic safety zone setting, based on an external signal. [Output condition
  • Page 1588. SAFETY ZONE CHECK B–63683EN/01 8.7 PARAMETER #7 #6 #5 #4 #3 #2 #1 #0 16500 YSF SAT SF0 [Data type] Bit SF0 The safety zone of type: 0 : A is used. 1 : B is used. SAT When punching is inhibited in the safety zone, the block in which a T command is specified is checked: 0 : In advance. 1 : After th
  • Page 159B–63683EN/01 8. SAFETY ZONE CHECK SZI Data set on the safety zone setting display is: 0 : Invalidated. 1 : Validated. SOF In the safety zone check, tool position compensation is: 0 : Not considered. 1 : Considered. 16505 Positive X coordinate for safety zone 1 16506 Negative X coordinate for safety
  • Page 1608. SAFETY ZONE CHECK B–63683EN/01 16517 Size of tool area 1 in the X direction for the safety zone function 16518 Size of tool area 1 in the Y direction for the safety zone function 16519 Size of tool area 2 in the X direction for the safety zone function 16520 Size of tool area 2 in the Y direction
  • Page 161B–63683EN/01 8. SAFETY ZONE CHECK 16533 Distance between the position detector of the workpiece holder and the punch [Data type] Two–word [Unit of data] Increment system IS–A IS–B Unit Millimeter machine 0.01 0.001 mm Inch machine 0.001 0.0001 inch [Valid data range] 0 to "99999999 The parameter set
  • Page 1628. SAFETY ZONE CHECK B–63683EN/01 16536 X–axis rapid traverse rate for automatic setting [Data type] Two–word [Unit of data] Increment system Unit of data Valid data range Millimeter machine 1 mm/min 30 to 24000 Inch machine 0.1 inch/min 30 to 9600 This parameter specifies an X–axis rapid traverse r
  • Page 163B–63683EN/01 8. SAFETY ZONE CHECK 16540 Width of workpiece holder 1 along the X–axis for automatic setting 16541 Width of workpiece holder 2 along the X–axis for automatic setting 16542 Width of workpiece holder 3 along the X–axis for automatic setting 16543 Width of workpiece holder 4 along the X–a
  • Page 1648. SAFETY ZONE CHECK B–63683EN/01 8.8 ALARM AND MESSAGE Number Message Contents 4800 ZONE : PUNCHING INHIBITED 1 When a safety zone check was executed, a punch command was specified in area 1 where punching is inhibited. 4801 ZONE : PUNCHING INHIBITED 2 When a safety zone check was executed, a punch
  • Page 165B–63683EN/01 9. SAFETY ZONE AREA EXTENSION 9 SAFETY ZONE AREA EXTENSION 155
  • Page 1669. SAFETY ZONE AREA EXTENSION B–63683EN/01 9.1 This optional function extends the safety zone check function as follows: OVERVIEW <1> Extends the safety zone check areas: Up to 8 <2> Extends the safety zone tool areas: Up to 16 <3> Adds interference safety zone area signals (DO signals): F228, F238
  • Page 167B–63683EN/01 9. SAFETY ZONE AREA EXTENSION 9.2 (1) Extending safety zone check areas FUNCTION The following can be specified for up to eight safety zones. For details of the following, see Chapter 8, ”SAFETY ZONE CHECK.” (a) Safety zone type A If punching is specified in the punch forbidden area of
  • Page 1689. SAFETY ZONE AREA EXTENSION B–63683EN/01 (a) Tool selection signals and in safety zone signals For an extended tool selection, tool selection signals SZTS0 to SZTS3 (G0232, #0 to #3) are used. The in safety zone signals are output to SZT13 to SZT16 (F0238, #4 to #7). For details, see Section 9.4,
  • Page 169B–63683EN/01 9. SAFETY ZONE AREA EXTENSION 16534 Number of zones to be detected for automatic setting [Data type] Byte [Unit of data] Piece [Valid data range] 0 to 8 16930 Positive X coordinate for safety zone 5 16931 Negative X coordinate for safety zone 5 16932 Y coordinate for safety zone 5 16933
  • Page 1709. SAFETY ZONE AREA EXTENSION B–63683EN/01 16942 X dimension of tool area 13 for the safety zone function 16943 Y dimension of tool area 13 for the safety zone function 16944 X dimension of tool area 14 for the safety zone function 16945 Y dimension of tool area 14 for the safety zone function 16946
  • Page 171B–63683EN/01 9. SAFETY ZONE AREA EXTENSION Signal Safety zone interference area signals SZN11 to SZN18 [Classification] Output signal [Function] This signal tells the safety zone in which the selected tool enters. [Operation] The bit corresponding to the zone the tool enters goes 1.
  • Page 1729. SAFETY ZONE AREA EXTENSION B–63683EN/01 Signal address #7 #6 #5 #4 #3 #2 #1 #0 F0228 SZN8 SZN7 SZN6 SZN5 SZN4 SZN3 SZN2 SZN1 #7 #6 #5 #4 #3 #2 #1 #0 F0238 SZT16 SZT15 SZT14 SZT13 #7 #6 #5 #4 #3 #2 #1 #0 G0232 SZTS3 SZTS2 SZTS1 SZTS0 Alarm and message Number Message Contents 4804 ZONE : PUNCHING I
  • Page 173B–63683EN/01 9. SAFETY ZONE AREA EXTENSION Number Message Contents 4844 ZONE : ENTERING INHIBITED 8 +Y When a safety zone check was executed, the machine moving in the positive Y direction entered are 8 into which entry is inhibited. 4845 ZONE : ENTERING INHIBITED 8 –Y When a safety zone check was e
  • Page 17410. WORKPIECE HOLDER INTERFERENCE AVOIDANCE FUNCTION B–63683EN/01 10 WORKPIECE HOLDER INTERFERENCE AVOIDANCE FUNCTION General If the tool is positioned to the normal height (for punching), as shown below, the tool will interfere with the workpiece holder when the workpiece holder moves into the turr
  • Page 17510. WORKPIECE HOLDER INTERFERENCE B–63683EN/01 AVOIDANCE FUNCTION 10.1 TYPE A Specification If the CNC makes a check to find the positioning path before the start of positioning, and the check reveals interference between the tool area and workpiece holder area, the CNC sets tool escape signal WHAL
  • Page 17610. WORKPIECE HOLDER INTERFERENCE AVOIDANCE FUNCTION B–63683EN/01 CAUTION After the *NFIN signal has been set to 0, at least 48 ms is required for the *PE signal to be set to 0. If this period is not provided, the *PE signal may not be used to set the PF and NBL signals to 0 and set the WHAL signal
  • Page 17710. WORKPIECE HOLDER INTERFERENCE B–63683EN/01 AVOIDANCE FUNCTION 10.2 TYPE B Specification If, during automatic operation, a positioning operation may cause the tool area to interfere with the workpiece holder area, this function first moves the tool along a non–interfering axis, which may be eithe
  • Page 17810. WORKPIECE HOLDER INTERFERENCE AVOIDANCE FUNCTION B–63683EN/01 (2) When the start and end points of movement along the Y–axis are above the Y area of the workpiece holders Tool Tool Y X (3) When the tool does not cross the X area of a workpiece holder for movement along the X–axis Tool Y Tool X W
  • Page 17910. WORKPIECE HOLDER INTERFERENCE B–63683EN/01 AVOIDANCE FUNCTION CAUTION If feed hold signal *SP (G008#5) is set to 0 during an avoidance operation, the tool stops upon the completion of the avoidance operation. 10.3 (1) The workpiece holder area (parameter Nos. 16505 to 16516) of the safety zone f
  • Page 18010. WORKPIECE HOLDER INTERFERENCE AVOIDANCE FUNCTION B–63683EN/01 10.4 SIGNAL Tool escape completion signal WHALC [Classification] Input signal [Function] This signal posts the completion of tool escape. [Operation] When this signal is set to 1, the WHAL signal is set to 0. Tool escape sign
  • Page 18110. WORKPIECE HOLDER INTERFERENCE B–63683EN/01 AVOIDANCE FUNCTION Signal address #7 #6 #5 #4 #3 #2 #1 #0 G232 WHALC ACZEXE #7 #6 #5 #4 #3 #2 #1 #0 F231 WHAL 171
  • Page 18210. WORKPIECE HOLDER INTERFERENCE AVOIDANCE FUNCTION B–63683EN/01 10.5 PARAMETER #7 #6 #5 #4 #3 #2 #1 #0 16502 ACZ [Data type] Bit ACZ The function used to prevent interference between workpiece holders of: 0 : Type A is used. 1 : Type B is used. 16559 Width of tool area along the X–axis for the fun
  • Page 18310. WORKPIECE HOLDER INTERFERENCE B–63683EN/01 AVOIDANCE FUNCTION 10.6 1. This function is optional. NOTE 2. The optional safety zone function must be specified at the same time. 3. The operation of this function is based on the safety zone function. So, see the specification of the safety zone func
  • Page 18411. CONTROL FUNCTION B–63683EN/01 11 CONTROL FUNCTION 174
  • Page 185B–63683EN/01 11. CONTROL FUNCTION 11.1 FEED HOLD SIGNAL B/FEED HOLD LAMP SIGNAL B Feed hold signal B *SPR [Classification] Input signal [Function] This signal suspends automatic operation. [Operation] This signal has the same effect as feed hold signal *SP (G008#5). The CNC reads the input
  • Page 18611. CONTROL FUNCTION B–63683EN/01 11.3 The punching mode and laser mode can be switched by specifying M codes in parameters. An M code is specified in the first block for SWITCHING THE punching and for laser machining in a machining program. This will PUNCHING AND improve processing precision in the
  • Page 187B–63683EN/01 11. CONTROL FUNCTION Signal Laser mode set signal LASMOD [Classification] Output signal [Function] This signal notifies the PMC that laser mode is set. [Output condition] When laser mode is set, this signal is set to 1. When punch mode is set, this signal is set to 0. 177
  • Page 18811. CONTROL FUNCTION B–63683EN/01 11.4 2–ms INTERVAL ACCELERATION/ DECELERATION FOR RAPID TRAVERSE Overview This function performs rapid traverse acceleration/deceleration (or rapid traverse bell–shaped acceleration/deceleration) at 2 ms intervals to make servo motion smooth, thereby reducing the ti
  • Page 189B–63683EN/01 11. CONTROL FUNCTION 11.5 RAPID TRAVERSE TIME CONSTANT OVERRIDE General An override can be applied to the rapid traverse linear acceleration/deceleration time constant for the X– and Y–axes. The override can be selected within a range of 1 to 100%, in 1% steps. This function allows the
  • Page 19011. CONTROL FUNCTION B–63683EN/01 Parameter #7 #6 #5 #4 #3 #2 #1 #0 16053 TMO [Data type] Bit TMO Override for a linear acceleration/deceleration time constant for rapid traverse is: 0 : Disabled. 1 : Enabled. Signal Rapid traverse time constant override signals TMOV0 to TMOV6 [Classification
  • Page 191B–63683EN/01 11. CONTROL FUNCTION 11.6 SERVO PARAMETER SWITCHING FUNCTION Overview The following functions have been added to high–speed positioning control for the table axes (X– and Y–axes): 1. Velocity loop gain switching according to the positioning distance (seven levels) 2. Nibbling constant p
  • Page 19211. CONTROL FUNCTION B–63683EN/01 11.6.2 In addition to conventional constant positioning time control, three–level Nibbling Constant constant positioning time control according to the nibbling pitch can be applied in nibbling mode. The PF output timer, the position gain, and the Positioning Time ve
  • Page 193B–63683EN/01 11. CONTROL FUNCTION #7 #6 #5 #4 #3 #2 #1 #0 16051 VGC [Data type] Bit VGC During automatic operation, the function for selecting the velocity loop gain, position gain switching speed, and PI/IP control for the X– and Y–axes is: 0 : Disabled. 1 : Enabled. When this parameter is set to 1
  • Page 19411. CONTROL FUNCTION B–63683EN/01 16804 Level 1 positioning time for X–axis 16805 Level 2 positioning time for X–axis 16806 Level 3 positioning time for X–axis 16807 Level 1 positioning time for Y–axis 16808 Level 2 positioning time for Y–axis 16809 Level 3 positioning time for Y–axis [Data type] By
  • Page 195B–63683EN/01 11. CONTROL FUNCTION When using three–level switching for constant position gain control for the X– and Y–axes during nibbling, use these parameters to set the position gains. These parameters are valid when bit 4 (LPG) of parameter No. 16051 is set to 1. 16822 Velocity loop integral ga
  • Page 19611. CONTROL FUNCTION B–63683EN/01 When using seven–level velocity loop gain switching, use these parameters to set the velocity loop integral gains. (Equivalent to parameter No. 2043) Only the settings for the X– and Y–axes are valid. 16835 Velocity loop proportional gain for level 1 16836 Velocity
  • Page 197B–63683EN/01 11. CONTROL FUNCTION 11.7 NIBBLING PARAMETER SWITCHING CONTROL USING EXTERNAL SIGNALS Overview For nibbling commands, constant positioning time control and parameter selection for the X– and Y–axes are performed at one of three levels according to the nibbling pitch. This function, howe
  • Page 19811. CONTROL FUNCTION B–63683EN/01 NOTE 1 To apply control for switching the above parameters, bit 2 (N3S) of parameter No. 16050 and bits 4 (LPG) and 5 (VGC) of parameter No. 16051 must be set. 2 Three–level selection can also be performed according to the nibbling pitch by setting bit 5 (NPS) of pa
  • Page 199B–63683EN/01 11. CONTROL FUNCTION Parameter #7 #6 #5 #4 #3 #2 #1 #0 16181 NPS SN2 [Data type] Bit SN2 Nibbling parameter switching control using external signals is: 0 : Disabled. 1 : Enabled. When using this parameter, set bit 1 of parameter No. 16181 (NPC) to 0. NPS While nibbling parameter switch
  • Page 20011. CONTROL FUNCTION B–63683EN/01 11.8 SOFT THERMAL MONITOR FUNCTION Overview This function outputs the soft thermal data for a servo motor to the PMC, using binary signals. The use of these signals can prevent the motor from becoming overheated, by suppressing the feedrate by applying an override o
  • Page 201B–63683EN/01 11. CONTROL FUNCTION 11.9 MULTIPLE– WORKPIECE MACHINING RETRACE FUNCTION Overview If a multiple–workpiece machining skip signal is input for a retrace re–forward movement during multiple–workpiece machining, machining of the current workpiece is stopped and machining of another workpiec
  • Page 20211. CONTROL FUNCTION B–63683EN/01 (2) The multiple–workpiece machining skip completion signal (F225#2) becomes 1. In this case, no axis movement occurs. A skip should be performed on the machine side at the timing of the multiple–workpiece skip preparation or completion signal, as required. 3) If ma
  • Page 203B–63683EN/01 11. CONTROL FUNCTION NOTE 1 The multiple–workpiece skip function is an option. 2 It is necessary to specify the retrace function option simultaneously with the multiple–workpiece machining function. Refer to the applicable Descriptions of the retrace function. CAUTION 1 A skip does not
  • Page 20411. CONTROL FUNCTION B–63683EN/01 Signal Multiple–workpiece machining skip preparation signal RVSARV [Classification] Output signal [Function] Indicates to the PMC when the machine is ready for a multiple–workpiece machining skip. [Output condition] This signal becomes 1 at the end of a bloc
  • Page 205APPENDI
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  • Page 207B–63683EN/01 APPENDIX A. CNC AND PMC INTERFACE A CNC AND PMC INTERFACE 197
  • Page 208A. CNC AND PMC INTERFACE APPENDIX B–63683EN/01 A.1 The addresses of the interface signals used to communicate between the CNC and PMC are as follows: ADDRESS LIST (1) Standard signals Refer to the “FANUC Series 16i/18i/21i/160i/180i/210i/160is/180is/ 210is–MODEL B Connection Manual (B–63523EN–1).” (
  • Page 209B–63683EN/01 APPENDIX A. CNC AND PMC INTERFACE PMC³CNC Address Bit number #7 #6 #5 #4 #3 #2 #1 #0 G230 EFS SNP EPE MNS MPS CPS PFW PFL G231 SNP2 MLP2 MLP1 G232 WHALC ACZEXE SAFRQ WDC SZTS3 SZTS2 SZTS1 SZTS0 G233 CFDC TCNG TNG *JVT2 *JVT1 G234 TI07 TI06 TI05 TI04 TI03 TI02 TI01 TI00 G235 TI15 TI14 TI
  • Page 210A. CNC AND PMC INTERFACE APPENDIX B–63683EN/01 CNC³PMC Address Bit number #7 #6 #5 #4 #3 #2 #1 #0 F225 RVSSKE RVSARV F228 SZN8 SZN7 SZN6 SZN5 SZN4 SZN3 SZN2 SZN1 F230 NBLE DPF DSPF SPRL F231 WDDO SAFEXE WHAL F232 MIE TIE CMOK CPEN BTF PTLCH F233 MNTMOD SC2 SC1 F234 PN07 PN06 PN05 PN04 PN03 PN02 PN01
  • Page 211B–63683EN/01 APPENDIX A. CNC AND PMC INTERFACE A.2 LIST OF SIGNALS A.2.1 List of Signals in the Order of Functions Function Name Symbol Address Item Nibbling parameter switching control Nibbling three–level switching signal SNP2 G231#2 11.7 using external signals External operation function External
  • Page 212A. CNC AND PMC INTERFACE APPENDIX B–63683EN/01 Function Name Symbol Address Item Turret axis control (T axis control) T command neglect signal TNG G233#5 5.3.1 Tool change signal TCNG G233#6 5.3.2 Turret indexing completion signal TIE F236#6 5.3.3 T code display signal TI00–TI31 G234–G237 5.3.4 Numb
  • Page 213B–63683EN/01 APPENDIX A. CNC AND PMC INTERFACE Function Name Symbol Address Item Multiple–toolcontrol Multiple tool indexing signal MIE F232#7 5.4 Multiple tool indexing complete signal CMOK F232#5 5.4 Reset key signal Reset key signal RSTSW F239#5 11.2 Workpiece holder interference avoid- Tool esca
  • Page 214A. CNC AND PMC INTERFACE APPENDIX B–63683EN/01 A.2.2 List of Signals in the Order of Symbols Group Symbol Name Address Reference item * *JVT1*JVT2 T–axis, C–axis jog override signal G233#0,#1 2.6.4 *NFIN Nibbling finish signal X004#6 3.5.2 *PE Press stop signal X004#7 3.5.1 *PFIN Punch finish signal
  • Page 215B–63683EN/01 APPENDIX A. CNC AND PMC INTERFACE Group Symbol Name Address Reference item O OVAX0–OVAX3 Soft thermal monitor axis selection signals G247#0–#3 11.8 OVC0–OVC6 Soft thermal monitor signals F243#0–#6 11.8 P PF Press start signal Y004#2 3.5.1 PFB Press start signal B Y004#3 3.5.7 PFL Press
  • Page 216A. CNC AND PMC INTERFACE APPENDIX B–63683EN/01 A.2.3 List of Signals in the Order of Addresses Address Name Symbol Reference item F225#0 Multi–piece machining skip ready signal RVSARV 11.5 F225#2 Multi–piece machining skip completion signal RVSSKE 11.5 F228#0–#7 Safety zone interference area signals
  • Page 217B–63683EN/01 APPENDIX A. CNC AND PMC INTERFACE Address Name Symbol Reference item G230#3 Manual press start signal MPS 3.5.3 G230#4 Continuous manual press signal MNS 3.5.3 G230#5 Press stop signal neglect EPE 3.5.8 G230#6 Two–step selection for nibbling signal SNP 3.5.9 G230#7 External operation fu
  • Page 218B. ALARM LIST APPENDIX B–63683EN/01 B ALARM LIST 1) Program errors (P/S alarm) Number Message Contents 4500 REPOSITIONING INHIBITED A repositioning command was specified in the circular interpolation (G02, G03) mode. 4502 ILLEGAL COMMAND IN BOLT In a bolt hole circle (G26) command, the radius (I) wa
  • Page 219B–63683EN/01 APPENDIX B. ALARM LIST Number Message Contents 4523 ILLEGAL COMMAND IN In a circular nibbling (G68) command, the traveling pitch (Q) was set to CIRCLE–NIBBL zero, a negative value, or a value larger than or equal to the limit (No. 16186, 16187), or the radius (I) was set to zero or a ne
  • Page 220B. ALARM LIST APPENDIX B–63683EN/01 Number Message Contents 4549 ILLEGAL TOOL DATA FORMAT The size of the registered tool data patterns has exceeded the upper lim- it of 16KB. 4600 T, C COMMAND IN In the linear interpolation (G01) mode or circular interpolation (G02, INTERPOLATION G03) mode, a T com
  • Page 221B–63683EN/01 APPENDIX B. ALARM LIST 2) Safety zone alarms Number Message Contents 4800 ZONE : PUNCHING INHIBITED 1 When a safety zone check was executed, a punch command was specified in area 1 where punching is inhibited. 4801 ZONE : PUNCHING INHIBITED 2 When a safety zone check was executed, a pun
  • Page 222B. ALARM LIST APPENDIX B–63683EN/01 Number Message Contents 4823 ZONE : ENTERING INHIBITED 7 When a safety zone check was executed, the machine moving in the –X negative X direction entered are 7 into which entry is inhibited. 4824 ZONE : ENTERING INHIBITED 8 +X When a safety zone check was executed
  • Page 223B–63683EN/01 APPENDIX B. ALARM LIST Number Message Contents 4856 ZONE : ENTERING INHIBITED 7 Z A command executed in the laser mode brings the Z–axis height into the approach forbidden area 7. (FS16i–LP: Safety zone check type B) 4857 ZONE : ENTERING INHIBITED 8 Z A command executed in the laser mod
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  • Page 225B–63683EN/01 Index ƠNumbersơ ƠEơ 1–cycle press, 53 External operation function EF, EFS, FIN, 68 2–ms interval acceleration/deceleration for rapid traverse, 178 2nd auxiliary function, 32 ƠFơ 2nd to 4th reference position return, 17 Feed hold, 19 Feed hold signal B/feed hold lamp signal B, 175 Feedra
  • Page 226INDEX B–63683EN/01 ƠNơ Setting the reference position without dogs, 17 Setting the safety zone, 136 Name of axes, 13 Setting the tool shape area, 137 Nibbling by M function, 51 Simple synchronous control, 15 Nibbling constant positioning time control (three levels), 182 Single block, 20 Nibbling fun
  • Page 227Revision Record FANUC Series 16i/18i/160i/180i–PB CONNECTION MANUAL (FUNCTION) (B–63683EN) 01 Nov., 2001 Edition Date Contents Edition Date Contents
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